anisocoria during anesthesia is very rare, but may indicate life-threatening neurologic injuries and create tremendous condition. a 23-year-old male patient was anesthetized with fentanyl and propofol. thirty minutes after inducing anesthesia, unilateral mydriasis was detected. the duration of surgery was shortened for prompt evaluation of the pupils. at the end of the operation neither vision ...

Ion dynamics and precise control in nanochannels play key roles biological systems, energy conversation, environmental engineering. However, the mechanics behaviors of ions their manipulation mechanism under extreme confinement remain largely unexplored. Biological ion channels acting as life’s transistors can gate simultaneously fast selective transport through atomic-scale filters to maintain...

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) in trials involving external stimulation are easily conducted under local anesthesia. However, implantation of a permanent SCS system is painful, and can be intolerable in some patients. Epidural anesthesia can be used to perform the SCS implantation without discomfort if the patient can localize the area of paresthesia. However, little is known about epidural anes...

BACKGROUND: Frozen shoulder is a musculoskeletal disorder resulting from chronic inflammation of the capsule subsynovial layer and characterized with capsular thickening, progressive fibrosis, contracture glenohumeral joint capsule. This condition relatively common that mimics other its management requires deliberate consideration patient’s condition.
 REVIEW ARTICLE: article reviews summa...

Recently, there has been a considerable increase in the number of procedures carried out under regional anesthesia. However, percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) procedures are usually performed under general anesthesia. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of PCNL under spinal anesthesia in patients with renal calculi. We describe our 9 years experience of performing PCNL...

PURPOSE General anesthesia reduces systemic blood pressure and, thus, ocular perfusion pressure (at constant intraocular pressure). Whether this reduction in ocular perfusion pressure produces retinal hypoxia is unknown. To answer this question, the authors measured inner retinal oxygen tension in cats under general enflurane anesthesia at three clinically relevant levels of anesthesia under no...

Although the incidence of neurological complications after shoulder surgery with regional anesthesia remains low but serious negative outcomes have been reported in the literature. Here we report a case of acute quadriplegia secondary to cervical epidural abscess and possible neck manipulation.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The long-term outcome of patellofemoral arthroplasty is related to progression of femorotibial osteoarthritis with need for conversion to total knee arthroplasty. We investigated whether prior patellofemoral arthroplasty compromises the results of total knee arthroplasty. METHODS 13 patients who had had 14 Richards type II patellofemoral arthroplasties converted to tota...