Slotting allowances are lump-sum payments by manufacturers to retailers for stocking new products. The economic rationale for slotting allowances is controversial. Several theoretical arguments have been provided for the use of slotting allowances. Some are based on efficiency considerations: (1) efficient allocation of scarce retail shelf space; (2) equitable allocation of new product failure ...

background snakebite has recently been declared a global public health emergency. empirical data showing the true burden of snakebite is lacking. treatment with specific antivenoms is considered the only cure. however, several factors have led to an ongoing antivenom crisis. this study offers recommendations concerning the improvement of antivenom access and control, by providing an overview of...

Taiwan and Korea are in fierce competition in the TFT-LCD panel industry and together dominate over 70% of the international market share. Business strategies in Taiwan primarily rely on Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) whereas Korea focuses principally on vertical integration, including development of its own international brand architecture. Additionally the financial structures of the...

This report presents case studies which document site visits conducted to characterize paint related waste activities of Illinois paint manufacturers, users, and waste processing facilities. Case studies are presented for eight paint users, four paint manufacturers, and one paint related waste processing facility within Illinois. In addition, two case studies document visits to waste processing...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to obtain data and understand how pharmaceuticals manufacturers care for safety and efficacy of the products distributed for consumption in Nigeria. The study was based on a survey of wholesale pharmacies that distribute pharmaceuticals for manufacturers. The study was carried out in Jos city, a central point in the north-central Nigeria. MATERIALS AND...

BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor with potential toxicity. Composite resins may not contain pure BPA, but its derivatives are widely used. Several studies found doses of BPA or its derivatives in saliva or urine of patients after composite resin placement. OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to establish an exhaustive list of composite resins marketed in Europe and thei...

15 December 2012 We consider the problem of sharing retailer’s demand information in a supply chain with two competing manufacturers selling substitutable products through a common retailer. We consider several scenarios with the manufacturers facing either production diseconomy or economy, and the retailer offering information contracts either concurrently or sequentially to the manufacturers....

Nutrition sensitive policy addresses the underlying determinants of nutrition-related disease and is a powerful tool in reducing the incidence of non-communicable disease. Some members of the food industry have long standing commitments to health-oriented nutrition policies. The aim of this study was to develop and apply a balanced scorecard of nutrition sensitive indicators to the policies of ...

The use of trademarks or names of manufacturers in this report is for accurate reporting and does not constitute an official endorsement, either expressed or implied, of such products or manufacturers by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.