In a 4-year study, we investigated changes in leaf physiology, crown morphology and whole-tree biomass allocation in seedlings and saplings of shade-tolerant sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and intermediate shade-tolerant yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) growing in natural understory light (0.5 to 35% of full sunlight) or in understory light reduced by 50% with shade nets to simu...

M aple producers often wonder about how the weather and various stresses affect the health and productivity of maple trees. In a recent issue of the Maple Digest, (February 2015) an article by Joshua Rapp showed a link between masting (heavy seed production) in the fall of one year and significantly reduced maple syrup production in the following spring season. Rapp describes research previousl...

Advance regeneration in 52 mature mixed-oak stands was analyzed and described. Red maple (Acer rubrum L.) was the most abundant species in the study area. Among oak (Quercus) species, northern red oak (Q. rubra L.) was the most abundant within the Allegheny Plateau physiographic province, whereas chestnut oak (Q. montana L.) was the most abundant within the Ridge and Valley physiographic provin...

We investigated the common assumption that severing stems and petioles under water preserves the hydraulic continuity in the xylem conduits opened by the cut when the xylem is under tension. In red maple and white ash, higher percent loss of conductivity (PLC) in the afternoon occurred when the measurement segment was excised under water at native xylem tensions, but not when xylem tensions wer...

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the RRtools and recpf Maple packages which were developed by the author to assist in the discovery and proof of finitizations of identities of the Rogers-Ramanujan type.

— We introduce a hook length expansion technique and explain how to discover old and new hook length formulas for partitions and plane trees. The new hook length formulas for trees obtained by our method can be proved rather easily, whereas those for partitions are much more difficult and some of them still remain open conjectures. We also develop a Maple package HookExp for computing the hook ...

all steps of a mining project generally disturb the environment'soriginal condition during construction. therefore, it is crucial toimplement an appropriate mine reclamation plan throughout all mineplanning stages from sustainable and environmental point of view.planting the suitable plant species in each step of any reclamationplan and each area is one of the necessities in this respect.select...

Traditionally, a human would have had to tackle each specific width (k) and each specific set of tiles (T ), (even the set consisting of the two dimers, the vertical and horizontal 1 by 2 rectangles) one at a time. He or she would have had to figure out the combinatorics of the situation, establish a “structure theorem”, then deduce from this a set of equations, and finally, solve this set of e...