The transcription of photosynthesis genes encoded by the plastid genome is mainly mediated by a prokaryotic-type RNA polymerase called plastid-encoded plastid RNA polymerase (PEP). Standard PEP-dependent promoters resemble bacterial sigma-70-type promoters containing the so-called -10 and -35 elements. On the other hand, an unusual light- and stress-responsive promoter (psbD LRP) that is regula...

In this paper, a series of analysis with finite element method was carried out varying hole shapes perforation as well plate dimensions. Eight different models about holes that number edges at the is four to infinite namely circular presented. Than analyze results these boundary conditions fixed supported and simply were compared. study it has shown when for infinite, in other words circular, m...

This paper introduces displacement mapped billboard clouds (DMBBC), a new image-based rendering primitive for the fast display of geometrically complex objects at medium to far distances. The representation is based on the well-known billboard cloud (BBC) technique, which represents an object as several textured rectangles in order to dramatically reduce its geometric complexity. Our new method...

A color-mapped image or indexed image manages the color information by maintaining a table with a limited number of colors [1], [2]. The information stored in each pixel is the relative index to a color in that table (Figure 1). Using indexed colors usually greatly reduces size of image files (as each pixel uses only a few bits to refer to a space in the color table, rather than many bits to re...

A regular paving is a finite succession of bisections that partition a root box x in R into sub-boxes using a binary tree-based data structure. We extend regular pavings to mapped regular pavings which map sub-boxes in a regular paving of x to elements in some set Y. Arithmetic operations defined on Y can be extended point-wise over x and carried out in a computationally efficient manner using ...

We present alternative ways of looking at vector elds that complement existing ow visualization methods. These techniques are based on bump mapping and are simple, easy to compute and fast to render. For example, in one of the techniques a surface from the vector eld is extracted and the directions of the vector values on the surface are normalized and used as surface normals. The shading of th...

groups of infinite rank in which every subgroup is either normal or self-normalizing are characterized in terms of their subgroups of infinite rank.

Symbolic computation is employed to automatically derive formulas in finite element analysis (FEA) and to generate parallel numeric code. Key FEA computations parallelized include element stiffness computations and solution of global system of equations. An element-by-element preconditioned conjugate gradient method is used to solve the global system of equations in parallel. Derived formulas a...