β-thalassemia, a monogenic autosomal recessive disorder, is prevalent in middle east, particularly in iran. in iran, near to 20 mutations in the β-globin gene are introduced as common mutations with varying incidence frequencies in each city. therefore, detection and screening for couples at high risk can help to solve the problems of this disease. in this study, optimized genotyping of two com...

Although Broadbent concedes that we are probably correct in supposing that memory representations are distributed, he argues that psychological evidence is irrelevant to our argument because our point is relevant only at what Marr (1982) has called the implementation^ level of description and that psychological theory is only properly concerned with what Marr calls the computational level. We b...

Food habits are not static and never have been (Braudel, 1973; Burnett, 1979). An enormous number of factors influence both the choice and use of different foodstuffs. To claim that eating habits do not or cannot change (Marr and Morris, 1982; Marr, 1983) is to ignore history. Since the Second World War the average family has spent a decreasing proportion of the household budget on food-over 30...

The aminophenol (AP) catabolic operon in Pseudomonas putida HS12 mineralizing nitrobenzene was found to contain all the enzymes responsible for the conversion of AP to pyruvate and acetyl coenzyme A via extradiol meta cleavage of 2-aminophenol. The sequence and functional analyses of the corresponding genes of the operon revealed that the AP catabolic operon consists of one regulatory gene, nbz...

Marr proposed that human vision constructs "a true description of what is there". He argued that to understand human vision one must discover the features of the world it recovers and the constraints it uses in the process. Bayesian decision theory (BDT) is used in modem vision research as a probabilistic framework for understanding human vision along the lines laid out by Marr. Marr's contribu...

The intracellular protozoan Toxoplasma gondii is among the most widespread parasites. The broad host cell range of the parasite can be explained by carbohydrate microarray screening analyses that have demonstrated the ability of the T. gondii adhesive protein, TgMIC1, to bind to a wide spectrum of sialyl oligosaccharide ligands. Here, we investigate by further microarray analyses in a dose-resp...

The recent reawakened interest in 'neural' networks begs the question of their relevance to the analysis of real nervous systems. Network models have been criticized for the lack of realism of their individual components, and because the architectures required by some neural-network algorithms do not seem to exist in real nervous systems. In three related papers published in the 1970s, David Ma...