Multi-annual dust transport simulations have been performed using a Mars general circulation model containing a dust transport scheme which responds to changes in the atmospheric state. If the dust transport is ‘radiatively active’ the atmospheric state also responds to changes in the dust distribution. This paper examines the suspended dust distribution obtained using different lifting paramet...

Theoretical models of the atmosphere of Mars have been computed on the basis of our present factual knowledge with a minimum of assumptions. The mathematical method used has proven successful in the past in developing model atmospheres of Earth. Distinct from earlier approaches which have resulted in "best values" or "most likelyconditions," the resultant model atmosphere gives extreme upper an...

Monitoring the water contaminants is of utmost importance in resource management. Prediction total dissolved solid (TDS) particularly essential for quality management and planning areas exposed to a mixture pollutants. TDS primarily includes inorganic minerals organic matters, various salts increasing concentration causes esthetic problems. The reflection pollutant burden aquatic system can rem...

The Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) aboard Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) has produced an extensive atmospheric data set, both during the initial aerobraking hiatus and later from the scientific mapping phase of the mission which lasted almost three complete Martian seasonal cycles. Thermal profiles for the atmosphere below about 40 km, and total dust and water ice opacities, have been retrieve...

Evidence for Glaciation in Elysium D. M. Anderson and G. W. Brandstrom Numerical Simulations of Dust Transport Into Northern High Latitudes During a Martian Polar Warming J. R. Barnes and J. L Hollingsworth The Paleo-Ocean of Mars J. E. Brandenburg Mars: A Water-Rich Planet M. H. Cart Martian Volcanism: A Review M. H. Carr Comets, Volcanism, the Salt Rich Regolith and Cycling of Volatiles on Ma...

17 A model for the formation and distribution of sedimentary rocks on Mars 18 is proposed. The rate–limiting step is supply of liquid water from seasonal 19 melting of snow or ice. The model is run for a O(10) mbar pure CO2 atmo20 sphere, dusty snow, and solar luminosity reduced by 23%. For these conditions 21 snow only melts near the equator, and only when obliquity &40◦, eccentricity 22 &0.12...

Introduction: Obliquity is a strong control on post-Noachian Martian climate [1]. However, Martian obliquity is chaotic and dynamical models produce a wide range of instantaneous and long-term average values [2]. Here, we model the effect of Mars mean obliquity on the distribution of fresh elliptic crater orientations. To achieve this we used an N-body simulation to estimate the time-averaged d...

This paper focusses on the estimation of exterior orientation parameters of the High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) orbiting planet Mars during the European Mars Express mission since January 2004. One of the challenges for the photogrammetric processing of HRSC images is the low number of Ground Control Points (GCPs) on Mars which can be identified and measured in the images in the usual way....

Using a Monte-Carlo model, we determine the sputtering yields for the upper atmosphere of Mars at three different epochs (the present, -2.5 Gyr ago and -3.5 Gyr ago). The carbon yield increases from 1 at 3.5 Gyr ago to 2 at present. These yields imply that sputtering is a major loss process for COz, especially during the early history of the solar system. Over the same period, the yield of oxyg...