In computer vision, some attribution methods for explaining CNNs attempt to study how the intermediate features affect network prediction. However, they usually ignore feature hierarchies among features. This paper introduces a hierarchical decomposition framework explain CNN’s decision-making process in top-down manner. Specifically, we propose gradient-based activation propagation (gAP) modul...

Sap flow, and atmospheric and soil water data were collected in closed-top chambers under conditions of high soil water potential for saplings of Liquidambar styraciflua L., Quercus phellos L. and Pinus taeda L., three co-occurring species in the southeastern USA. Responses of canopy stomatal conductance (g(t)) to water stress induced by high atmospheric water vapor demand or transpiration rate...

Let {Xn} be a stationary sequence with marginal distribution in the domain of attraction of a max-semistable distribution. This includes all distributions in the domain of attraction of any max-stable distribution and also other distributions like some integervalued distributions with exponential type tails such as the Negative Binomial case. We consider the effect of missing values on the dist...

The presence of two spectral mechanisms, near-ultraviolet and green (lambda(max)=545nm), is strongly suggested by electroretinographic visual spectral sensitivity curves obtained under dark and red chromatic adaptation conditions in the compound eyes of the click beetle Pyrophorus punctatissimus. The bioluminescence emission of the dorsal prothoracic lanterns is deep green (lambda(max)=543nm) a...

OBJECTIVES Based on a maxillary premolar restored with laminate veneer and using the 3-D finite element analysis (FEA) and μCT data, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different types of buccal cusp reduction on the stress distribution in the porcelain laminate veneer and in the resin luting cement layer. METHODS Two 3-D FEA models (M) of a maxillary premolar were built fr...

If R is a ring of coefficients and G a finite group, then a flat RG-module which is projective as an R-module is necessarily projective as an RG-module. More generally, if H is a subgroup of finite index in an arbitrary group Γ, then a flat RΓmodule which is projective as an RH-module is necessarily projective as an RΓ-module. This follows from a generalization of the first theorem to modules o...

The collector ring (CR) of the FAIR project will include a fast stochastic cooling system for rare isotope beams ( β = 0.83) and antiprotons ( β = 0.97). To reach a good signal to noise ratio of the pick-up even with a low number of particles, a cryogenic movable pick-up electrode system based on slotlines is under development. The sensitivity and noise properties of an electrode array has been...

Copper sinter paste has been recently established as a robust die-attach material for high -power electronic packaging. This paper proposes and studies the implementation of copper materials to create top-side interconnects, which can substitute wire bonds in power packages. Here, was exploited fully printed interconnect and, additionally, clip-attach. The electrical thermal performances copper...