The Barnes maze is a spatial memory task that requires subjects to learn the position of a hole that can be used to escape the brightly lit, open surface of the maze. Two experiments assessed the relative importance of spatial (extra-maze) versus proximal visible cues in solving the maze. In Experiment 1, four groups of mice were trained either with or without a discrete visible cue marking the...

NMDA receptors (NMDARs) containing NR2A (epsilon1) subunits are key contributors to hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) induction in adult animals and have therefore been widely implicated in hippocampus-dependent spatial learning. Here we show that mice lacking the NR2A subunit or its C-terminal intracellular domain exhibit impaired spatial working memory (SWM) but normal spatial referenc...

HIGHLIGHTS: Tumor progression and anxiety depression behaviors under evaluation during propranolol use in murine melanoma. Evaluation of through forced swimming behavior tests, elevated plus maze, open field marble-burying test.

The creation of engaging mazes requires both mathematical and aesthetic considerations. We present an algorithm for producing mazes that we feel are difficult to solve. This algorithm is based on constructing and connecting obfuscating maze devices called vortices. A vortex is a collection of passages that wind around each other in a spiral and converge on a central junction. We explore variati...

some studies suggested that glucocorticoid receptors activities can modulate fear and anxiety. according to that, the purpose of this research is to assess the modulatory effect of glucocorticoid receptors on the anxiety assessed in plus maze. in this research mice with medium weight of 20-25 g were used. the male and female animals separately sorted in two groups as control and experiment rand...

The history of the Porteus Maze Test begins in the period between 1913 and 1915 when it was firsc proposed as a measure to extend the score obtainable wich the early Binet test of intelligence (Porteus, 1959). Porteus uses the analogy of a worked-out mine to point out thac, as a measure of intellect, the use of a single score, thin, 15-min. mencal ability scale has had its day. He feels that ma...

In this paper a general approach to gate array routing is presented, based on an abstract routing space model. An efficient k–terminal net maze runner is described. It does not partition nets into 2–terminal net routing problems, but solves the problem by simultaneously growing k search waves. It is shown that the explored routing space diminishes when compared to bi–directional routing schemes...

Conceptual memristors have recently gathered wider interest due to their diverse application in non-von Neumann computing, machine learning, neuromorphic computing, and chaotic circuits. We introduce a compact CMOS circuit that emulates idealized memristor characteristics and can bridge the gap between concepts to chip-scale realization by transcending device challenges. The CMOS memristor circ...

In this paper, experiments are reported which use automatic global and line-packing wiring routines, supplemented by a restricted maze runner, to evaluate the overall injuences of several important physical variables upon the wireability of several logic-circuit package types. The logic circuits are contained in subpackages (e.g.. modules carrying chips), which are inserted, using pins, into th...