© Copyright The Korean Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology • The Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease http://e-aair.org Achieving asthma control is central to optimizing patient quality of life and clinical outcomes. This definition of asthma control has two components: achieving current clinical asthma control and reducing future risk. The level of clinica...

MESSENGER’s Mercury Dual Imaging System (MDIS) obtained multispectral images for more than 80% of the surface of Mercury during its first two flybys. Those images have confirmed that the surface of Mercury exhibits subtle color variations, some of which can be attributed to compositional differences. In many areas, impact craters are associated with material that is spectrally distinct from the...

INTRODUCTION The aims of this study were (1) to assess the ability of a range of health-care professionals (HCPs: specialists [physicians specializing in management of airways disease], general practitioners, pharmacists, pharmacist assistants, nurses, and respiratory therapists) in Jordan to demonstrate the correct use of some commonly used inhalers using standardized checklists, with highest ...

After the Montreal Protocol banned the use of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) propellants in metereddose inhalers (MDIs), the pharmaceutical industry now has provided suitable alternatives, one of which is the dry-powder inhaler (DPI). A DPI is a device in which small doses of drug powder are delivered to the lung. The inhaled dose consists of drug particles attached to carrier particles. The drug par...

Introduction: Analysis of Mariner 10 and MESSENGER datasets reveal the importance of opaque components on Mercury's surface. A global darkening agent, suggested to be ilmenite or other Fe,Ti-bearing opaque mineral, has been invoked to explain the lower albedo of Mercury relative to the lunar highlands. Separately, a low-reflectance material (LRM) has been recognized as one of three dominant col...

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) is a valuable option for patients with type 2 diabetes in whom glycemic targets are not met despite multiple daily injections (MDIs) at high insulin doses, as recently demonstrated in the multicenter randomized OpT2mise trial (1). However, data on the durability of glucose control with CSII are lacking (1,2). We report here the long-term efficacy ...

S tudies of the effective delivery of pharmaceutical inhalation aerosols have hinged on their particlesize characteristics and the mass, or dose, of drug delivered to the lung. Preparation and delivery of aerosols have been approached using these criteria with the intention of optimizing lung deposition. Aerosol particles and droplets exhibit a range of sizes which constitute their distribution...

BACKGROUND Nebulizers and metered dose inhalers (MDI) have both been adapted for delivering aerosol bronchodilation to mechanically ventilated patients, but there is incomplete knowledge as to the most effective method of delivery. OBJECTIVES To compare the effectiveness of nebulizers and MDIs for bronchodilator delivery in invasively ventilated, critically ill adults. SEARCH METHODS We sea...

Introduction MESSENGER (MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging) is a mission to orbit the planet Mercury. The comprehensive scientific data collected through the one-Earth-year orbital mission phase will allow scientists to study and understand the environment and evolution of the innermost terrestrial planet. The five-year cruise phase and the harsh environment of Mercur...

Introduction: With a diameter of ~1500 km [1,2], Caloris is the largest impact basin on Mercury and one of the largest within the Solar System. Caloris, formed ~3.9 Ga [3], is also the best-preserved large mercurian basin. The basin was first imaged in its entirety by the Mercury Dual Imaging System (MDIS) onboard the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spa...