purpose: to determine the anatomical location of the inferior oblique (io) muscle and any possible correlation between io overaction and io muscle mass. methods: in this interventional case series, eyes undergoing primary surgery for io overaction underwent measurement of the distance between io muscle borders from the limbus as well as muscle belly circumference, intraoperatively. results: ove...

BACKGROUND Stroke distance, the systolic velocity integral of aortic blood flow, is a linear analogue of stroke volume; its product with heart rate is minute distance, analogous to cardiac output. OBJECTIVE To investigate the feasibility of assessing cardiac output in children with a simple non-invasive Doppler ultrasound technique, and to determine the normal range of values. METHODS Peak ...

We carried out a cadaver study of 16 iliolumbar veins in order to define the surgical anatomy. Two variants were found; a single vein at a mean distance of 3.74 cm from the inferior vena cava (11 of 16) and two separate draining veins at a mean distance from the vena cava of 2.98 cm for the proximal and 6.24 cm for the distal stem (5 of 16). Consistently, the proximal vein tore on attempted med...

As an improved method of k-nearest neighbor classification, the local mean-based nonparametric classifier had the ability to resist the effects of noise and classify unbalanced data. When selecting the nearest k samples and calculating the distance between the test samples and the local mean-based vectors, it always used Euclidean distance. However, for multi-dimensional data, using Euclidean d...

By decomposing the Coulomb interaction into a long-distance component appropriate for mean-field theory, and a non-mean-field short distance component, we compute the counterion density near a charged surface for all values of the counterion coupling parameter. A modified strong-coupling expansion that is manifestly finite at all coupling strengths is used to treat the short-distance component....

This paper introduces a new distance and mean on the set of positive semi-definite matrices of fixed-rank. The proposed distance is derived from a well-chosen Riemannian quotient geometry that generalizes the reductive geometry of the positive cone and the associated natural metric. The resulting Riemannian space has strong geometrical properties: it is geodesically complete, and the metric is ...

Result: The mean inter-alar width of the nose was 35.06 mm (37.14 mm in males and 33.21 mm in females). The mean maxillary inter-canine distance was 37.96 mm (39.66 mm in males and 36.38 mm in females). The mean mouth width was 50.66 mm (52.85 mm in males and 48.63 mm in females). The maxillary inter-canine distance was 75% of mouth width; therefore, the mouth width is a reliable predictor of t...

purpose: to assess the stability of visual and refractive outcomes that was compared between three and 12 months after myoring implantation in moderate and severe keratoconus methods: this study included 54 eyes of 50 patients (27 males and 23 females) with stage ii and iii keratoconus who underwent myoring (dioptex gmbh) implantation. clinical outcomes including uncorrected distance visual acu...

objectives: this study aimed to evaluate the location and characteristics of mental foramen, anterior loop and mandibular incisive canal using cone beam computed tomography (cbct). materials and methods: this retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated 200 mandibular cbct scans for the location of mental foramen, anterior loop prevalence and mandibular incisive canal visibility, its mean leng...

OBJECTIVE Although several clinical applications of transpedicular screw fixation in the cervical spine have been documented recently, few anatomic studies concerning the cervical pedicle are available. This study was designed to evaluate the anatomy and adjacent neural relationships of the middle and lower cervical pedicle (C3-C7). The main objective is to provide accurate information for tran...