Few studies have evaluated the precision of IKONOS stereo data for measuring forest canopy height. The high cost of airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data collection for large area studies and the present lack of a spaceborne instrument lead to the need to explore other low cost options. The US Government currently has access to a large archive of commercial high-resolution imagery, ...

Elevation-dependent warming in high-elevation regions and Arctic amplification are of tremendous interest to many scientists who are engaged in studies in climate change. Here, using annual mean temperatures from 2781 global stations for the 1961-2010 period, we find that the warming for the world's high-elevation stations (>500 m above sea level) is clearly stronger than their low-elevation co...

AIMS To determine whether the bladder base elevation as revealed by cystogram under fluoroscopy is associated with pelvic floor hypertonicity or bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in women. METHODS Sixty-two women who were referred to our videourodynamic laboratory for assessment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) were included in this retrospective analysis. Thirty-one of these women with ...

The purpose of this study was the determination of whether hemodynamic and pharmacologic factors influence the extent and severity of myocardial necrosis produced by coronary occlusion. In 48 dogs, 10 to 14 epicardial leads were recorded on the anterior surface of the left ventricle in the distribution and vicinity of the site of occlusion of a branch of the left anterior descending coronary ar...

We tested the hypothesis that venous emptying serves as a stimulus for vasodilation in the human forearm. We compared the forearm blood flow (FBF; pulsed Doppler mean blood velocity and echo Doppler brachial artery diameter) response to temporary elevation of a resting forearm from below to above heart level when venous volume was allowed to drain versus when venous drainage was prevented by in...

The purpose of this study was to observe normal arm movement in healthy older adults to determine the duration, frequency, and purpose of arm elevation and external rotation to guide clinical practice in the prevention of contracture. An observational study was undertaken in the homes and local community of 21 older people mean age 73 (SD 7) years. Participants' arm movements were observed for ...

A unique circadian rhythm of intraocular pressure (IOP) occurs in laboratory rabbits housed in a light-dark environment. The IOP is low in the light and high in the dark. In 32 rabbits studied, the IOP was 18.7 +/- 0.3 mm Hg (mean +/- the standard error of the mean) at 2 hr before the onset of dark and 24.9 +/- 0.6 mm Hg at 2 hr into the dark. The changes in endogenous hormones corresponding to...

In many studies, topographic factors have been considered as an important factor in establishing the vegetation in different ecosystems. So, it affects vegetation composition and diversity by influencing soil moisture, fertility and soil depth. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of slope, elevation and geographical aspects on species growth, forage production and vegetation...

PURPOSE To determine the corneal elevation values and keratoconus indices in the 40- to 64-year-old population and their changes with aging. METHODS The 6311 invitees of this study were selected through random cluster sampling, and 5190 of them participated in the study (response rate = 82.2%). Here, we analyzed results of Pentacam acquisitions in 4148 respondents. Cases of keratoconus and fo...