it was thought previously that cardiac muscle gap junctions provide low-resistance connections between cells and permit the local-circuit current to flow. some evidences show that myocardial cells may not require low-resistance connections for successful propagation of the action potential (ap). it seems that some other types of mechanisms must be involved in ap propagation. in this article, we...

Trastuzumab is a specific monoclonal antibody used for therapeutic of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) -positive metastatic breast cancer. But, resistance to trastuzumab is a major obstacle in clinical efficiency.  During the past years, several studies have been done to find the mechanisms contributing to trastuzumab resistance. Previous studies have highlighted that bone m...

Objective(s): Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has emerged as an important opportunistic nosocomial pathogen due to its intrinsic and acquired resistance to a wide range of antimicrobial agents. The present study aimed to investigate the occurrence of antibiotic resistance and resistance mechanisms among clinical isolates of S. maltophilia from Iranian patients.<...

today, innovation and change have been recognized as a necessity in organization, especially in manufacturing organizations of industrial societies. but in most developing countries, the role and importance of this subject has not yet been fully realized. roots of change management, certain concepts and studies done in innovation and change be investigated and analyzed. schools of individual pe...

the present study aimed to evaluate the antibiotic resistance pattern of escherichia coli strains isolatedfrom animals to ascertain the levels of antibiotic resistance pervasiveness. a total of 28 e. coli strains wereisolated from faecal samples and the antibiotic resistance pattern of e. coli strains was determined by meansof disc diffusion assay. the resistance pattern determined for all stra...

Background & Aims: Acinetobacter spp. are non-fermenting gram-negative coccobacilli that have emerged in recent three decades as major causes of nosocomial infections. Acinetobacter baumannii is the most common pathogen causing a wide spectrum of infections. Acinetobacter infections are difficult to treat, due to both the intrinsic resistance of the pathogen and its ability to readily acquire n...

conclusions it seems that besides the variety and prevalence of blatem and blactx, enormous mechanisms such as porin and leaking systems (efflux pumps) are responsible for the information of the a. baumannii resistance to disinfectants. the study on an accurate consideration of the resistance in strains and other microorganisms is advised. results in the current study, 131 a. baumannii isolates...