Over the last 2 decades, a large number of neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies of patients with schizophrenia have furnished in vivo evidence for dysconnectivity, ie, abnormal functional integration of brain processes. While the evidence for dysconnectivity in schizophrenia is strong, its etiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, and significance for clinical symptoms are unclear. First,...

Many antimicrobial and anti-tumour drugs elicit hormetic responses characterised by low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition. While this can have profound consequences for human health, with low drug concentrations actually stimulating pathogen or tumour growth, the mechanistic understanding behind such responses is still lacking. We propose a novel, simple but general mechanism that could...

Cultural evolutionists have long been interested in the problem of why fertility declines as populations develop. By outlining plausible mechanistic links between individual decision-making, information flow in populations and competition between groups, models of cultural evolution offer a novel and powerful approach for integrating multiple levels of explanation of fertility transitions. Howe...

Whereas most branches of neuroscience are thought to provide mechanistic explanations, systems neuroscience is not. Two reasons are traditionally cited in support of this conclusion. First, systems neuroscientists rarely, if ever, rely on the dual strategies of decomposition and localization. Second, they typically emphasize organizational properties over the properties of individual components...

Mathematical models can be used to improve performance, reduce cost of production, and reduce nutrient excretion by accounting for more of the variation in predicting requirements and feed utilization in each unique production situation. Mathematical models can be classified into five or more categories based on their nature and behavior. Determining the appropriate level of aggregation of equa...

Global warming may pose a greater risk to species with unique thermal requirements during each life stage than species with a similar thermal requirement throughout all life stages. The risk to the former is higher because their unique thermal ranges may become geographically or temporally discontiguous. Additionally, modeling global warming’s effects on these species is challenging due to thei...

revision date: May 2008 This abstract was prepared by the principal investigator for the project. Please see www.americanchemistry.com/lri for more information about the LRI.

STEP Program, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA, Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA, Institute for Soil, Climate, and Water, Agricultural Research Council, Stellenbosch 2599, South Africa, Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Ecosystem Science and Economics, Conservation International, Arlington, VA 22202, USA, School...

pavement design using mechanistic-empirical methods is often carried out based on the some assumptions for pavement layer's properties (thickness, elastic modulus, poisson's ratio and ….), loading properties(axial weight, tire coordinates, number of repetitions and …) and also the failure mechanism for different materials. fulfillment of these assumptions for evolution of pavement performance d...