(2) Chemical and Biological Process Development Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 6 Richland, WA, USA; 7 (3) Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), GmBH c/o Institute of Chemical Engineering, 8 Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria. 9 § Current affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of 10 Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wiscons...

1Department of Chemistry, Postgraduate Program of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil 2Molecular Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Salem, India 3Department of Physiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Soltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia 4Center for the Study of Chronic Metabolic Diseases, School of S...

The toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are systems in which an unstable antitoxin inhibits a stable toxin. This review aims to introduce the TA system and its biological application in bacteria. For this purpose, first we introduce a new classification for the TA systems based on how the antitoxin can neutralize the toxin, we then describe the functions of TA systems and finally review the applicatio...

At the conclusion of the famous article of 1953 announcing the molecular structure of DNA, Watson and Crick observed “that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for genetic material.” Six months later, Pope Pius XII addressed the First International Conference of Medical Genetics on ethical issues. The Pope said that since the aim of genetics ...

the most modern techniques in biotechnology owe their existence to the discovery of dna cloning and the genetic manipulation of organisms. however biotechnology is not new science in fact, many applications represent old practices with new methodologies. human have been used organisms for their benefit in many processes for several thousand years. therefore, one way of thinking about biotechnol...

M. XIANG, 1 L. GAN, 2 D. LI, 3 L. ZHOU, 4'6 Z.-Y. CHEN, 1 D. WAGNER, 2 B .W. O'MALLEY, JR., 3 W. KLEIN, 2 J . NATHANS 4'5'6 1Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson 2 Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University 3 of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; D...

RIKEN Plant Science Center, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (Y.S.-S., Y.J., Y.K., K.S.); Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan (T.O.); Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan (H.S.); Center for Biological Resources and Informatics, To...

1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA 2School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK 3Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel 4 Faculty of Bi...

SELEX PROCESS TO SCREEN TUMOR CELL-SPECIFIC APTAMERS Chen-Hsun Weng, Lien-Yu Hung, Hsin-I Lin, I-Shan Hsieh, Shu-Chu Shiesh, Yu-Ling Chen and Gwo-Bin Lee Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Oral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan Department of Power Mech...

a IGGMB Research Institute for Frontier Questions of Medicine and Biotechnology, Landeskrankenhaus Salzburg – University Clinicum of the Paracelsus Private Medical University, Salzburg Federal Clinics (SALK), Salzburg, Austria. Internet: www.med-grenzfragen.at b University Clinic for Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and General Intensive Care, Landeskrankenhaus Salzburg – University Clini...