Background: Pioglitazone is the selective PPAR-γ receptor agonist, which is prescribed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and may also have antidepressant effects. Nitric oxide (NO) has been involved in some crucial roles, including learning, cognition and neurogenesis as well as some neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and depression. Reduced estrogen le...

HYPOTHESIS The selective estrogen receptor modulator raloxifene hydrochloride inhibits intimal hyperplasia. DESIGN Controlled laboratory experiment. SETTING Experimental animal model. INTERVENTION AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Forty-three senile female sheep were randomized to sham operation, ovariectomy, or ovariectomy followed by treatment with 17beta-estradiol or raloxifene. Six months aft...

In clinical treatment, there is increasingly prevalent that traditional Chinese medicine treats common bone diseases including osteoporosis. Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), one of the essential compounds Safflower, has been used as therapy for thrombus, myocardial ischemia, and inflammation, but its effect on osteogenesis through epigenetic control ovariectomy-induced loss in vivo not explored....

Women generally spend the last third of their lifetime in menopause, after their reproductive years have ended. During menopause, women experience a variety of predictable symptoms and conditions related to changes in sex hormone levels and aging. The menopausal transition precedes menopause by several years and is usually characterized by irregularity of the menstrual cycle and by hot flashes ...

background : with regard to an increase in the life expectancy for women and the consistency of the menopause age, a significant portion of women's age is passed after the menopause. menopause is considered as a critical and sensitive period due to the changes and the disorders that are involved in it. vasomotor symptoms, sleep disorders and psycho-mental changes are among the most prevalent sy...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The timing of menopause, perception as well as menopausal symptoms varies between populations and within populations. The main objective of the present study was to assess women's perception and experience regarding menopause, to find out symptoms and mean age of menopause and to study socio-demographic characteristics of menopaused women and to find out its relationsh...

An increase in the incidence of cardiovascular disease has generally been observed in postmenopausal women, but there have been few studies of the association between menopausal state and atherosclerosis. In this study 294 premenopausal and 319 postmenopausal women aged 45 to 55 were examined radiographically for calcified deposits in the abdominal aorta, which have been shown to represent inti...

OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency and causes of preterm ovarian failure (menopause before 40 years of age) and early menopause (menopause between 40 and 45 years). DESIGN Cross sectional study. SETTING Menopause clinics in Italy. POPULATION Women attending menopause clinics in Italy. METHODS Between 1997 and 1999 we conducted a large cross sectional study on the characteristics of wo...

Menopausal hot flushes (HFs), which manifest as a transient increase in skin temperature, occur most frequently in postmenopausal women, and sometimes negatively influence daily life. We investigated the effect of an aqueous extract of Cynanchum wilfordii (CWW) in a rat model of menopausal HFs, where tail skin temperature (TST) is increased after the rapid estrogen decline induced by ovariectom...