Objective. To evaluate safety and efficacy of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) versus standard medical care (SMC) for iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) in postpartum women and women with heavy menstrual bleeding. Study Design. This open-label, multicenter study randomized women with IDA (hemoglobin ≤ 11.0 g/dL) to single doses of FCM (15 mg/kg [maximum 1000 mg]) or SMC (this treatment was det...

Menstruation is suggested to affect multiple sclerosis (MS) symptoms, while the effect of MS on menstruation is not studied before. Here, we aimed to compare the pattern of menstrual cycle and its symptoms between MS patients and healthy controls. This is a cross-sectional study conducted during 2015–2016 in MS clinic of Kashani hospital, Isfahan, Iran. We included female patien...

Menopause, the end of ovulation and menstrual periods, naturally occurs for most women at the age of 40–55 years. The process of ending ovulation and menstruation is gradual, spanning 1 to 2 years. Postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) is bleeding that occurs 12 or more months after the last menstrual period and accounts for 5% of all gynecologic office visits1. Moreover, a reported 25% of gynecologic ...

BACKGROUND Increased menstrual bleeding and pain are the primary side effects that lead to early removal of the copper intrauterine device (IUD). Ibuprofen and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are proven treatments for such IUD-induced problems, but their effect on early IUD removal is unknown. METHODS A total of 2019 first-time IUD users were recruited in Chile for this d...

Covid-19 was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization; it has caused more than 4,697,099 deaths worldwide. Since discovery of Vaccines, rate infections and are declining in countries that were able to conduct mass vaccination, making vaccines most effect tool fight against Covid-19. However, there is still vaccination skepticism. The side effects could fuel There emerging pos...

BACKGROUND To investigate the role of CD138 immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of chronic endometritis (CE) and the risk factors for assisted conception patients having CE complications. METHODS Ninety-three patients, with normal uterine shape confirmed by examination and who were planning to undergo assisted conception treatments, were selected as research subjects. Endometrial tissue was...

Rates of menstrual disorders were studied in 231 female production workers with high exposure to toluene (mean 88 (range 50-150 ppm) in a factory manufacturing audio speakers and compared with a control group of 58 female production workers in other departments in the same factory who had little or no exposure to toluene (0-25 ppm). An external community control group of 187 working class women...

  Background: Chemicals are among risk factors that can affect women's reproductive system. This study is aimed to investigate the association of occupational exposure to a mixture of organic solvents with menstruation disturbances and hormonal changes among female workers.   Methods : Female workers of a pharmaceutical company were divided into three groups of non-exposed, low-exposed and high...

A 20-mo-old girl was brought to our department by her mother because of breast enlargement. She was diagnosed with premature thelarche. One month later, she returned to our hospital with a complaint of vaginal bleeding. During the subsequent 6 mo, her vaginal bleeding recurred every month while her breast development disappeared. We performed laboratory tests and imaging. At the end of 6 mo, we...

OBJECTIVE This study compared 84-day bleeding patterns after immediate initiation of a triphasic oral contraceptive with a 25-mug daily dose of ethinyl estradiol (E2) compared with the contraceptive vaginal ring, which has a 15-mug daily dose of ethinyl E2. METHODS This was an open-label controlled trial. We randomly assigned 201 women to immediate start of a contraceptive pill or immediate s...