Benign epithelial lesions with no significant tendency to malignant transformation include: adenoma: -Ductal -lactating -Tubular adenosis: -apocrine -blunt duct -microglandular -sclerosing fibroadenoma radial scar/complex sclerosing lesions Invasive breast carcinomas are divided into two major categories on the basis of their cytoarchitectural features: Invasive ductal carcinoma: -acinic cell c...

The normal mucociliary epithelium of the respiratory tract in chronic cigarette smokers often is replaced focally by a metaplastic squamous epithelium. Because asbestos workers who smoke have a substantially greater risk of bronchogenic carcinoma than nonsmokers, we hypothesized that interaction of asbestos with squamous epithelium might be a contributing factor. To address this question, an in...

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) are uncommon, mesenchymal lesions, and malignant transformation is extremely rare. The current study presents the case of a 56-year-old female with a rapidly growing mass in the right breast, which was diagnosed as IMT. Immunohistochemically, the mass was positive for smooth muscle actin (SMA) and Ki-67 (positive staining in 30% of the cells), and nega...

We recently identified a DNA copy number aberration (CNA)-based classifier, including changes at 3p26.3-p11.1, 3q26.2-29, and 6p25.3-24.3, as a risk predictor for cancer in individuals presenting with endobronchial squamous metaplasia. The current study was set out to validate the prediction accuracy of this classifier in an independent series of endobronchial squamous metaplastic and dysplasti...

p63 protein is widely used to identify myoepithelial cells in breast disease. There have been no comparative studies of the p63 antibodies which detect different isoforms. In this study, we examine the expression profiles of p63 protein in benign proliferative diseases and malignant tumors of the breast using pan-p63 and p40 antibodies, and analyze their diagnostic utility and clinical implicat...

Breast cancer with cartilaginous and/or osseous metaplasia is a type of metaplastic carcinomas and is a rare disease. We report the case of a 49 year-old female who underwent right mastectomy for a large breast tumor. Histological examinations revealed a mixed tumor with both stromal and epithelial elements;the stroma showed poor differentiated spindle-shape and multiform cells with a massive o...

Abstract Phyllodes tumors (PT) are rare fibroepithelial lesions of the breast that commonly present as rapidly enlarging, palpable masses. may be classified benign, borderline, or malignant on basis histopathologic analysis. Although PT cannot distinguished from benign imaging findings alone, studies suggest tend to larger and irregular in shape, they less likely have circumscribed margins. If ...

In addition to contraction, myoepithelia have diverse paracrine effects, including a tumor suppression effect. However, certain myoepithelial markers have been shown to contribute to tumor progression. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is involved in the transdifferentiation of fibroblasts to contractile myofibroblasts. We investigated whether TGF-β can upregulate potential myoepithelial mar...

Metaplastic carcinoma of the breast (MBC) is a rare and heterogeneous type of neoplasm. Knowledge about its clinical characteristics, prognostic significance and optimal treatment modalities is fragmentary and controversial. The present retrospective study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of the clinicopathological features and different therapeutic strategies in MBC. For this purpose,...