The steadily increasing consumption of natural gas imposes a need to facilitate the handling and distribution fuel, which presently is compressed or condensed. Alternatively, reduced volatility increased tractability are achieved by converting chemical energy main component, methane, into liquid methanol. Previous studies have explored direct methane-to-methanol conversion, but suitable catalys...

Solid (heterogeneous) catalysts (1–4) are favored in industrial processes because they eliminate the need to separate the catalyst from the products. Heterogeneous catalysts can be solid acids, bases, supported metals, mixed metal oxides, or multifunctional materials. Commercial processes based on solid acids outnumber all others, and zeolites (and closely related materials) are usually the sol...

Water is formed and added in the conversion of methanol to hydrocarbons, slowing down both reaction deactivation rates. The retained species that are intermediates coke precursors swept/desorbed, particularly those on silanol sites.

The esterification of free fatty acids (FFA) with methanol is studied using Sulfonated Porous Carbon (SPC) as catalyst. In compare to the amorphous sugar catalyst and protonated Nafion, the proposed catalyst shows stability and high efficient performance in biodiesel production. The highest initial rate of oleic acid conversion is obtained at catalyst loading of 1 mmol H+ and mole ra...

Heterogeneous selective hydrogenation of ethylene carbonate (EC), a key step in indirect conversion of CO2, was realized over a copper chromite nanocatalyst prepared via a hydrothermal method followed by calcination. The selectivities towards methanol (60%) and ethylene glycol (93%) were higher than those achieved over other usual hydrogenation catalysts.

The comment and response concerning the report of oxidation of methane to methanol by water (Reports, 5 May 2017, p. 523) do not fully capture the implications of thermodynamic limitations. A nonisothermal process in which each cycle requires a large temperature swing and permits only substoichiometric methane conversion surely could not be carried out on any practical scale.

Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation Key Lab of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100022, China and Heat Transfer and Energy Conversion Key Lab of Beijing Municipality, College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100022, China Dynamic Characteristics of a Dire...

h-zsm-5 nano-zeolites were synthesized by hydrothermal method using tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (tpaoh) as a template in the presence of various tpabr concentrations. the effect of different tpabr/tpaoh molar ratios was studied on the catalytic performance of dehydration of methanol to dimethyl ether (dme) in a fixed bed reactor under the same operating conditions (t=300°c, p=1 atm, and whsv=...

Esterification and transesterification of high free fatty acid (FFA) oils to fatty acid alkyl ester (FAAE) by sol-gel entrapped lipase B from Candida antarctica (CalB) and lipase from Burkholderia cepacia were investigated. The optimal conditions for the esterification catalyzed by the immobilized CalB were determined to be 50 °C, 1.7:1 molar ratio of methanol to fatty acid, and 0.36 g of water...

This study was conducted to produce biodiesel from a mixture of 5 different oils i.e, palm oil, used cooking soybean canola and sunflower through transesterification under mole ratio variations oil: methanol. The were mixed at total volume 300 mL with the same amount each oil used. blended 60°C for 1 h, ratios methanol set 1:3, 1:6, 1:9, 1:12, 1:15. results demonstrated that 1:6 resulted in hig...