The arc-length method is a powerful solution technique becoming increasingly popular among researchers and engineers. This method is presented here as a particular case of a more general formulation which includes all other solution strategies. The arc-length method is derived in its continuous and discrete formulations. Two versions of the arc-length method (Crisfield and Ramm) are presented a...

In spite of the fact that true arithmetic reduces to the monadic second-order theory of the real line, Peano arithmetic cannot be interpreted in the monadic second-order theory of the real line. ?0. Introduction. The decision problem for the monadic second-order theory of the real line was posed by Grzegorczyk in 1951 [Gr], and was proved undecidable in 1976 by Shelah [Sh]. Shelah reduced the f...

In this article, we introduce the parametrix method for constructions of fundamental solutions as a general method based on semigroups and difference of generators. This leads to a probabilistic interpretation of the parametrix method that are amenable to Monte Carlo simulation. We consider the explicit examples of continuous diffusions and jump driven stochastic differential equations with Höl...

R E P O R T S I N T H E LAST DECADE that apes can learn to communicate with humans using a rudimentary form of sign lang~agel-~ have been received with great interest. For many anthropologists, linguists, philosophers, and psychologists, research with apes such as Washoe, Koko, and others appeared to provide decisive evidence bearing on several fundamental issues. For example, the belief that l...

This paper gives a probabilistic interpretation of a class of nite diierence schemes often referred to as the-method. In particular, the present paper shows that for some parameter values the-method can been seen as a binomial tree with a random time.

This study compared focus attention and interpretation biases in social phobia patients and normal subject. In this study with causal- comparative method 100 subjects with social phobia and 100 normal individuals have compared. Subjects were selected through cluster sampling among Tabriz university students. Data scale of social phobia, attention bias and interpretation of the data was performe...

The main object of this study is to offer a clue for semantic interpretation of nouns to facilitate automatic text processes. Unlike thematic roles lexically registered on verbs, the criterions needed to interpret nouns are not definable by distinctive features. Since nouns in same form can bear both generic and existential meaning, its interpretation rather depends upon logical reasoning. This...