To examine the effect of urban development on pesticide concentrations in streams under low-flow conditions, water samples were collected at stream sites along an urban land use gradient in six environmentally heterogeneous metropolitan areas of the United States. In all six metropolitan areas, total insecticide concentrations generally increased significantly as urban land cover in the basin i...

OBJECTIVE To compare the relation between mortality and income inequality in Canada with that in the United States. DESIGN The degree of income inequality, defined as the percentage of total household income received by the less well off 50% of households, was calculated and these measures were examined in relation to all cause mortality, grouped by and adjusted for age. SETTING The 10 Cana...

An attempt is made to review migration trends in the United States over the past 30 years. The emphasis is on changes in migration patterns between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. "Annual net migration estimates are examined, considering the changing metropolitan-nonmetropolitan differential, and differences across geographic and functional county types in nonmetropolitan areas. Some di...

The growing popularity of wireless networks and mobile devices is starting to attract unwanted attention especially as potential targets for malicious activities reach critical mass. In this study, we try to quantify the threat from large-scale distributed attacks on wireless networks, and, more specifically, wifi networks in densely populated metropolitan areas. We focus on three likely attack...

8 ABSTRACT: Which municipalities and locations within the United States contribute the 9 most to household greenhouse gas emissions, and what is the effect of population density 10 and suburbanization on emissions? Using national household surveys, we developed 11 econometric models of demand for energy, transportation, food, goods, and services that 12 were used to derive average household car...

A recursive model of the level and distribution of family income in Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas is formulated and estimated. The model is related to both human capital and job competition models. Then, the impacts of changes in racial, educational, and industrial composition on the level and distribution of income are analyzed. DETERMINANTS OF THE' LEVEL AND DISTRIBUTION OF FAMILY I...

Location-sharing services were built upon people’s desire to share their activities and locations with others. By“checkingin” to a place, such as a restaurant, a park, gym, or train station, people disclose where they are, thereby providing valuable information about land use and utilization of services in urban areas. This information may, in turn, be used to design smarter, happier, more equi...

PROBLEM/CONDITION Genetic testing for breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) and breast cancer 2 (BRCA2) gene mutations can identify women at increased risk for breast and ovarian cancer. These testing results can be used to select preventive interventions and guide treatment. Differences between nonmetropolitan and metropolitan populations in rates of BRCA testing and receipt of preventive interventions afte...

OBJECTIVE To identify the most common avoidable factors, missed opportunities and substandard care in perinatal care in South Africa. SETTING Seventy-three state hospitals throughout South Africa representing metropolitan areas, cities and towns, and rural areas. METHOD Users of the Perinatal Problem Identification Programme (PPIP) amalgamated their data to provide descriptive information o...

INTRODUCTION In regional, rural, and remote settings, allied health professional supervision is one organizational mechanism designed to support and retain the workforce, provide clinical governance, and enhance service delivery. A systematic approach to evaluating the evidence of the experience and effects of professional supervision for non-metropolitan allied health practitioners and their s...