background: laryngoscopy is an invasive technique that is associated with severe cardiovascular complications. this study was designed to compare the preventing effect of two doses tramadol injection on the heart rate and blood pressure changes after laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation in elective surgical patients. methods: in this clinical trial study, 189 elective surgical patients randomly...

there is an increased prevalence of maternal substance abuse during pregnancy in younger women in all socioeconomic classes and races. our aim was to determine the prevalence and correlates of self-reported substance abuse among pregnant women and obstetric complications or neonatal outcomes in iran. this retrospective cohort study is covering a five year period on medical records of pregnant w...

Background: Endoscopic discectomy method is a novel technique that is increasingly used in spine surgery. Previous studies have reported that some common complications like dural adhesions are lower in this technique compared with the other techniques. Furthermore, treatment outcomes are reportedly higher because of minimal invasion. Thepresent study aims to determine the outcome of percutaneou...

BACKGROUND Spinal surgery is increasingly being done in the outpatient setting. We reviewed our experience with inpatient and outpatient single-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with plating (ACDF+P). METHODS All patients undergoing single-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with plating between August 2005 and May 2007 by two surgeons (RPB or JAF) were retrospectively r...

Isolated non-skeletal injuries of the cervical spine are rare and frequently missed. Different evaluation algorithms for C-spine injuries, such as the Canadian C-spine Rule have been proposed, however with strong emphasis on excluding osseous lesions. Discoligamentary injuries may be masked by unique clinical situations presenting to the emergency physician. We report on the case of a 28-year-o...