Malnutrition, often accompanied by low serum levels of micronutrients, was common in HIV-infection prior to the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and is still common in much of the world that has limited access to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Chronic diarrhea, anorexia, malabsorption, impaired nutrient storage, increased energy demands and altered metabolism were th...

Background: Micronutrient deficiencies have been associated with significantly high reproductive risks, ranging from infertility to fetal structural defects and long-term diseases. Materials and Methods: In this review we focus on the reproductive risks related to some micronutrients during the periconceptional period, a critical step in determining fetal development and health due to the poten...

BACKGROUND Multiple micronutrient deficiencies during pregnancy in Vietnam may contribute to poor fetal growth and stunting, which are major determinants of the health and development offuture generations. OBJECTIVE We assessed the effects of prenatal multiple micronutrient supplementation on maternal weight gain during pregnancy, infant birthweight, and height of the child at around 2 years ...

OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of antenatal supplementation with multiple micronutrients or iron and folic acid compared with folic acid alone on birth weight, duration of gestation, and maternal haemoglobin concentration in the third trimester. DESIGN Cluster randomised double blind controlled trial. SETTING Two rural counties in north west China. PARTICIPANTS 5828 pregnant women and 46...

This investigation studies the impact of trace elements supplementation on protein anaerobic conversion into volatile fatty acids (VFAs). Two continuous reactors were operated with two model substrates, casein and gelatin, at acid (pH 5) neutral 7) conditions, addition macro micronutrients. Micronutrients increased acidification degree both proteins from 40% to 50% more than 60% only pH 7, whic...

Fertilization with macronutrients, e.g., nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), has wide-ranging well-characterized effects on terrestrial ecosystem functions. In contrast, influences of other elements, sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), hereafter, ‘micronutrients’, are poorly understood. To determine micronutrients, their interactions soil carbon (C) cycling, we conducted a full factorial exp...

The deficiency of micronutrients and low organic matter (OM) status soils are major hurdles in the optimum crop yield achievements. Humic substances can play an imperative role micronutrient bioavailability improved by ameliorating physicochemical soil properties. consumed as fresh food processed form. However, its susceptibility towards causes a significant reduction yield. That is why current...

The negative effects of micronutrient deficiencies on human capital acquisition and economic productivity are well documented. A less well understood but potentially serious threat to human health in developing countries is the contamination of food crops by fungal toxins. This paper surveys what is known about the health and economic burdens attributable to insufficient micronutrients and toxi...

Nutrition is a critical determinant of the outcome of host microbe interactions through a modulation of the immune response. Besides macronutrient malnutrition, deficiencies of several macronutrients also influence immune homeostasis and thus affect infection-related morbidity and mortality. Deficiencies of micronutrients like vitamin A, iron and zinc are widely prevalent among populations livi...