Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) are the intermediate metabolic states between normal and diabetic glucose homeostasis. These conditions are thought to be the precursors of DM, but the progression to overt disease is not straightforward. The risk for both macrovascular and microvascular complications increases across the distribution of blood glucose concentra...

Because of the progressive nature of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), insulin therapy will eventually become necessary in most patients. Recent evidence suggests that maintaining optimal glycemic control by early insulin therapy can reduce the risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications in patients with T2DM. The present review focuses on relevant clinical evidence supporting the use ...

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes; in type 1 diabetes, CVD typically is related to diabetic nephropathy.1 In both type 1 (DCCT, the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial) and type 2 diabetes (UKPDS, the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study), intensive glucose control affects macrovascular disease less than microvascular di...

Although glucose-lowering treatment shows some risk lowering effects in cardiovascular diseases, risks of macrovascular and microvascular complications have still remained, and development of new therapeutic strategies is needed. Recent data have shown that peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of lipid homeostasis, fatty acid oxidation, ce...

Ms M, a 74-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes of 6 years' duration, has a glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) value of 7.4% despite taking 3 oral antidiabetic medications, as well as coexistent hypertension and abdominal obesity. She has no known microvascular or macrovascular complications of diabetes and is otherwise healthy. She is reluctant to commence insulin treatment as she dislikes the idea of...

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) is associated with an elevated risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications that are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in this patient population. In 2008, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has provided guidance for industry on how to demonstrate that there is no unacceptable increase in cardiovascular risk associated with new antidiabeti...

• The hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) test is a marker for average blood glucose levels in the months prior to testing and is the favored measure of glycemic control for patients with diabetes. The American Diabetes Association recommends HbA1c testing every 3-4 months for Type II diabetes patients who use insulin or with results outside the HbA1c recommended range. • Individuals with HbA1c values in ex...

Abstract: ABSTRACT This review attempts to summarize the literature findings of Matured Onset Diabetes in Young which is known as MODY, highlighting perspective Indian population. article provides a gist prevalence, clinical features, methods diagnosis and probable treatment disease having an updated list references all recent published articles available public domain. An increasing number peo...

Diabetic microvascular and macrovascular complications arise from hyperglycemia, presenting an increasing healthcare burden as the diabetic population continues to grow. Clinical trial evidence indicates that antihyperglycemic medications are beneficial with regard to microvascular disease (retinopathy, renal impairment, and perhaps neuropathy); however, the benefit of aggressive use of these m...