In this contribution, we report the generation of 17-μJ mid-infrared (MIR) pulses with duration of 70 fs and bandwidth of 550 nm centered at 3.75 μm at 1-kHz repetition rate, by a two-stage femtosecond optical parametric amplifier utilizing 4H-silicon carbide crystal as the nonlinear medium. The crystal is selected as it processes orders of magnitude higher damage threshold than traditional MIR...

kephalaia, counts to the important sources of manichaean. it is written in coptic by the christians of north africa, which have converted to this faith. mani is called in this book “the apostle” and sometimes “the enlightener”. each chapter resembles to christ sermons. the disciple asks a question, and he gets the answer from the apostle. this is what each chapter is normally based on. creation...

The Dutch historian of religion, Bruno Hugo Stricker, has been studying Egyptian mythology since 1940 and can show that this ancient culture tries to understand the development of a baby in the womb of its mother as a basis to comprehend the origin of the world. In the center of the Egyptian mythology is the Sun God Ra who is swallowed every evening by the sky goddess Nut and in the morning is ...

Analysis of biochemicals in single cells is important for understanding cell metabolism, cell cycle, adaptation, disease states, etc. Even the same cell types exhibit heterogeneous biochemical makeup depending on their physiological conditions and interactions with the environment. Conventional methods of mass spectrometry (MS) used for the analysis of biomolecules in single cells rely on exten...

Recently developed structural models of the global crude oil market imply that the surge in the real price of oil between mid 2003 and mid 2008 was driven by repeated positive shocks to the demand for all industrial commodities, reflecting unexpectedly high growth mainly in emerging Asia. We evaluate this proposition using an alternative data source and a different econometric methodology. Rath...

In Greek mythology, the earth goddess Demeter was unable to find her daughter Persephone after Persephone was abducted by Hades, the god of the underworld. Demeter is said to have embarked on a long and frustrating, but ultimately successful, search to find her daughter. Unfortunately, long and frustrating searches are not confined to Greek mythology. In modern times, agent-based modelers often...

This paper presents the review on different types of milk adulteration based upon conventional method. A straight forward and quick strategy for measurement of milk adulteration has been developed using mid-infrared (MIR) spectrometers. Milk samples was purchased from local supermarkets and spiked with tap water, hydrogen peroxide, glucose, urea and formaldehyde in different concentrations in m...

Compact groups provide an environment to study the growth of galaxies amid multiple prolonged interactions. With their dense galaxy concentrations and relatively low velocity dispersions, compact groups mimic the conditions of hierarchical galaxy assembly. Compact group galaxies are known to show a bimodality in Spitzer IRAC infrared colorspace: galaxies are preferentially either quiescent with...

In the 18th and 19th century of English literature, there were two generations of English Romantic poetry in Britain, who have produced great influences on the literature world. Those romantic poets were inspired more or less by the French Revolution, and advocated to the people to pursue beauty and inner freedom in nature or art. The most extraordinary features found in their poems are the abu...