In two separate experiments, lactating goats were milked unilaterally thrice daily instead of twice daily for periods of 13 and 37 wk, starting at 2 to 5 wk after parturition. The other gland was milked twice daily throughout. In both experiments thrice-daily milking increased milk yield significantly. In the first experiment, after 37 wk the amounts of RNA and DNA, rate of cell proliferation a...

In dairy cattle, increased circulating growth hormone has been associated with selection for greater milk yield. This study tested the hypothesis that beef cows divergently selected for milk production would have differing GH responses to a challenge dose of GHRH. Growth hormone response to a challenge of GHRH was measured in 36 Angus-sired cows ranging from 6 to 10 yr of age. The cows were cla...

ABSTRACT: Regular removal of milk from the mammary gland is critical to maintaining milk secretion. Early studies in rodents demonstrated that changes in milking frequency inß uenced mammary blood ß ow, as well as mammary cell number and activity. Later studies in ruminants conÞ rmed those observations and that the response was regulated locally within the mammary gland. In addition, it was dis...

Regular removal of milk from the mammary gland is critical to maintaining milk secretion. Early studies in rodents demonstrated that changes in milking frequency influenced mammary blood flow, as well as mammary cell number and activity. Later studies in ruminants confirmed those observations and that the response was regulated locally within the mammary gland. In addition, it was discovered th...

High-immune quality colostrum (IgG1 concentration ⩾50 g/l) is crucial for the health and development of the young calf. Studies on colostrum quality tend to focus on external factors such as breed, parity or dry period length, but few have focused on within-cow variations. Here we ran experiments to gain a deeper insight into within-cow variation in IgG1 concentrations in dairy cow colostrum. T...

The use of bovine lactoferrin (BL) was recently described triple therapy may help offset the progressively sagging by Di Mario et al. [1] as an ‘add-on’ component to the eradication rates. Of even greater interest may be a clinical 7-day proton pump inhibitor (PPI), claithromycin, study to determine whether simultaneous use of BL with tinidazole-based triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori the ...

In the early 1970’s, by an intricate and involved counting argument, Stal Aanderaa managed to show for the first time that every additional tape adds to the power of a Turing machine that operates in real time (Aanderaa, 1974). This was a full decade after Rabin (1963) had shown that the second tape adds power. With time, especially following the introduction of the information-theoretic approa...

1. SMART FARMS SET PERFORMANCE GOALS There is an old saying that you can’t get to your destination unless you know where you are going. Many farms that start on the path to milking excellence don’t make it because they don’t have clear quality goals for their farms. Many dairy farms consistently produce high quality milk. In 1998, over 1,800 Wisconsin dairy farms had average bulk tank somatic c...

Staphylococci are the main aetiological agents of small ruminants intramammary infections (IMI), the more frequent isolates being S. aureus in clinical cases and coagulase negative species in subclinical IMI. The clinical IMI, whose annual incidence is usually lower than 5%, mainly occur at the beginning of machine milking and during the first third of lactation. These features constitute small...

Staphylococcus aureus isolates (n = 225) from bovine teat skin, human skin, milking equipment, and bovine milk were fingerprinted by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Strains were compared to assess the role of skin and milking equipment as sources of S. aureus mastitis. PFGE of SmaI-digested genomic DNA identified 24 main types and 17 subtypes among isolates from 43 herds and discrimina...