The traditional axillary perineural (PN) approach for brachial plexus block is frequently used, but separate musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) required and increases procedure time patient discomfort. We hypothesized that a using the proximal perivascular (PPV) method at MCN branching from lateral cord would obviate need an while ensuring quality similar to of PN method. For group (n = 25), needle w...

it has been sugeested since long that peripheral nerves possess opiod receptors and this has tempted clinicans in adding narcotics to local anesthetics to prolong the analgesic effects of these solutions. in this regard, we studied 45 patients undergoing surgical procedures on upper extremities. the patients scheduled for surgery were divided in to three groups, each comprising of 15 patients a...