for a finite group G, we denote by p(G) the minimal degree of faithful permutation representations of G, and denote by c(G), the minimal degree of faithful representation of G by quasi-permutation matrices over the complex field C. In this paper we will assume that, G is a p-group of exponent p and class 2, where p is prime and cd(G) = {1, |G : Z(G)|^1/2}. Then we will s...

An ideal triangulation of a compact \( 3 \)-manifold with nonempty boundary is known to be minimal if and only the contains minimum number edges among all triangulations manifold. Therefore, every one-edge (i.e., an singular exactly one edge) minimal. Vesnin, Turaev, Fominykh showed that two-edge no \)–\( 2 \) Pachner move can applied. In this paper we show each so-called poor three-edge We exp...

In this paper, we introduce the notions of intuitionistic fuzzy prime (resp. strongly prime and semiprime) bi-ideals of a semigroup. By using these ideas we characterize those semigroups for which each intuitionistic fuzzy bi-ideal is semiprime and strongly prime. Key words: Intuitionistic fuzzy set; intuitionistic fuzzy bi-ideal; intuitionistic fuzzy prime (resp. strongly prime and semiprime) ...

We study prime ideals in skew power series rings T := R[[y; τ, δ]], for suitably conditioned complete right noetherian rings R, automorphisms τ of R, and τ -derivations δ of R. Such rings were introduced by Venjakob, motivated by issues in noncommutative Iwasawa theory. Our main results concern “Cutting Down” and “Lying Over.” In particular, assuming that τ extends to a compatible automorphsim ...

The aim of this article is to lay a foundation for providing a soft algebraic tool in considering many problems that contain uncertainties. In order to provide these soft algebraic structures, the notion of union soft q-ideals are introduced, and related properties are investigated. Conditions for a union soft ideal to be a union soft q-ideal are established. Characterizations of a union soft q...

A characterization of an h-hemiregular hemiring in terms of a fuzzy h-ideal is provided. Some properties of prime fuzzy h-ideals of h-hemiregular hemirings are investigated. It is proved that a fuzzy subset f of a hemiring S is a prime fuzzy left (right) h-ideal of S if and only if f is two-valued, f(0) = 1, and the set of all x in S such that f(x) = 1 is a prime (left) right h-ideal of S. Fina...