Synergistic interactions between commonly used antibiotics and natural bioactive compounds may exhibit therapeutic benefits in a clinical setting. Berberine, an isoquinoline-type alkaloid isolated from many kinds of medicinal plants, has proven efficacy against a broad spectrum of microorganisms. The aim of the presented work was to assess the antibacterial activity of berberine chloride in lig...

background considering the high prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and its association with urinary tract infection in women and treatment of gynecologic problems occur when a high recurrence of bacterial vaginosis is often treated with antibiotics. objectives the purpose of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of lactobacillus reuteri on pathogenic bacteria isolated from women wi...

PURPOSE To compare the safety and efficacy of a new enhanced viscosity ophthalmic formulation of tobramycin, given twice daily (BID), with the existing four times daily (QID) treatment regimen in patients with acute bacterial conjunctivitis. METHODS This was a 12-day, multicenter, observer-masked, randomized, parallel group study. Patients received one drop of tobramycin 0.3% (3 mg/mL) enhanc...

The action and interaction of benzylpenicillin and gentamicin on Streptococcus faecalis was studied using mainly turbidimetric methods. The minimum antibacterial concentration (MAC) of each antibiotic lay considerably below the conventionally determined minimum inhibitory concentration, and levels of the two agents exceeding the MAC were necessary in order to obtain a synergic interaction. Evid...

The aim of this chapter is to evaluate the contribution of antimicrobial therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to adjust dosing regimens in achieving control of infections using pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) to define the antimicrobial exposures that are necessary to maximise bactericidal activity and to inhibit bacterial growth. Robustness data exist for some antimicrobial agents...

The selection of antibiotic-resistant mutant bacteria is proposed to occur in a drug concentration range (the mutant selection window) that extends from the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of susceptible cells to the MIC of the least susceptible, single-step bacterial mutants (the mutant prevention concentration [MPC]). MPCs were estimated for tobramycin, chloramphenicol, rifampicin, pen...

A total of 1712 strains of Haemophilus influenzae isolated from patients with invasive diseases were obtained from ten Brazilian states from 1996 to 2000. beta-Lactamase production was assessed and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone and rifampin were determined using a method for broth microdilution of Haemophilus test medium. The prevalence ...

BACKGROUND Although optimization of the fluoroquinolone dosage increases the efficacy of this class of drugs against bacterial infections, its impact on the emergence of resistance in commensal bacteria is unknown. METHODS Six different 14-day dosages of oral ciprofloxacin were randomly assigned to 48 healthy volunteers. Individual pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters combining anti...

Anderson Technical, Inc. has developed rapid, semiautomated equipment for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. A total of 310 fresh clinical bacterial isolates (226 gram-negative and 75 gram-positive) were tested with the Anderson Technical system and compared with those of Micro-Media Systems, Inc. For the gram-positive organisms, 74.3% of the test pairs had identical minimum inhibitory conce...

Chemical investigations of the aerial parts of the Australian plant Eremophila microtheca resulted in the isolation of three serrulatane diterpenoids, 3-acetoxy-7,8-dihydroxyserrulat-14-en-19-oic acid (1), 3,7,8-trihydroxyserrulat-14-en-19-oic acid (2) and 3,19-diacetoxy-8-hydroxyserrulat-14-ene (3) as well as the previously reported compounds verbascoside (4) and jaceosidin (5). Acetylation an...