The Jesuit mission to enslaved Africans founded in 1605 Cartagena de las Indias is amongst the most extraordinary religious developments of early colonial Latin America. By time Alonso Sandoval, S.J. and Pedro Claver, began their work baptize catechize thousands slaves who passed through Cartagena’s port each year, Society Jesus had already established a global missionary enterprise, including ...

I n 1911, six sisters, members of the Franciscan Missionaries of Our Lady, laid the foundation for what is today the F M O L Heal th System ( F M O L H S ) , which includes five acute care hospitals and covers three major Louisiana markets. Today, more than 6,500 lay men and women partner with the sisters in caring for the sick MK\ poor of Louisiana. Over the past four years, our system, togeth...

Functional logic programming languages combine the most important features of functional programming languages and logic programming languages. Functional logic programming applied to theMaude specification language would replace the functional viewpoint by an equational viewpoint while retaining the logic features. This paper tries to bridge the gap between functional logic languages and the c...

From Marco Polo to Richard Nixon, narratives of the encounter between Chinese and Westerners have been defining texts of European cultures and their descendants. Successive but sporadic reports from travellers, missionaries, diplomats, traders and others have provided a model of an alternative way of arranging people, of organizing their lives, of thinking about the state of being human; one th...

earliest documentation of the genesis of fireworks points to the 7th century Tang Dynasty in China. Subsequently, these celebratory practices fanned out to other cultures and countries. Some speculate that Marco Polo or returning Crusaders introduced fireworks to the West, though fireworks probably trickled in over the course of many years, tucked among the belongings of various missionaries, t...

This article focuses on the historical confrontation between Western obstetrical medicine and indigenous midwifery in nineteenth-century Siam (Thailand). Beginning with the campaign of medical missionaries to reform Siamese obstetrical care, it explores the types of arguments that were employed in the contest between these two forms of expert knowledge. Missionary-physicians used their anatomic...