Respiratory complex I (NADH:quinone oxidoreductase) is an entry point to the electron transport chain in the mitochondria of many eukaryotes. It is a large, multisubunit enzyme with a hydrophilic domain in the matrix and a hydrophobic domain in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of the protein composition and post-translational modifications of complex I ...

Loss of mitochondrial complex I catalytic activity in the electron transport chain (ETC) is found in multiple tissues from individuals with sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) and is a property of some PD model neurotoxins. Using special ETC subunit-specific and complex I immunocapture antibodies directed against the entire complex I macroassembly, we quantified ETC proteins and protein oxidation...

Mitochondrial respiratory complex I is a product of both the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. The integration of seven subunits encoded in mitochondrial DNA into the inner membrane, their association with 14 nuclear-encoded membrane subunits, the construction of the extrinsic arm from 23 additional nuclear-encoded proteins, iron-sulfur clusters, and flavin mononucleotide cofactor require the ...

Dysfunctions in mitochondrial complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) are both genetically and clinically highly diverse and a major cause of human mitochondrial diseases. The genetic determinants of individual clinical cases are increasingly being described, but how these genetic defects affect complex I on the molecular and cellular level, and have different clinical consequences in differ...

Fast neuronal network oscillations in the gamma range (~30-90 Hz) have been implicated in complex brain functions such as sensory processing, memory formation and, perhaps, consciousness, and appear to be exceptionally vulnerable to various pathologies. However, both energy demand and mitochondrial performance underlying gamma oscillations are unknown. We investigated the fundamental relationsh...

Inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I by rotenone had been found to induce cell death in a variety of cells. However, the mechanism is still elusive. Because reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in apoptosis and inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I by rotenone was thought to be able to elevate mitochondrial ROS production, we investigated the...

The oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) pathway is responsible for most aerobic ATP production and is the only metabolic pathway with proteins encoded by both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. In studies examining mitonuclear interactions among distant populations within a species or across species, the interactions between these two genomes can affect metabolism, growth, and fitness, depending...

this study aimed to investigate the effect of different concentration of zinc nano-complex on bull spermatozoa quality and pregnancy outcome after freeze-thawing process. ejaculates were collected from four holstein bulls, twice a week during four weeks. semen samples diluted with bioxcell extender containing zero (control), 10-6, 10-5, 10-4, 10-3 and 10-2 m of zinc nano-complex. the samples we...

Calpains, Ca(2+)-activated cysteine proteases, are cytosolic enzymes implicated in numerous cellular functions and pathologies. We identified a mitochondrial Ca(2+)-inducible protease that hydrolyzed a calpain substrate (SLLVY-AMC) and was inhibited by active site-directed calpain inhibitors as calpain 10, an atypical calpain lacking domain IV. Immunoblot analysis and activity assays revealed c...