The cuckoo search algorithm is a novel metaheuristic based on the reproduction behavior of some cuckoo species in combination with the Lévy flight behavior of some birds and fruit flies. It has been applied to a wide range of optimization problems with good performance such as a TSP; nonetheless, it has yet to be applied to the vehicle routing problem, specifically the capacitated vehicle routi...

In this paper, the fuzzy multi-depot vehicle routing problem with simultaneous pickup and delivery (FMDVRP-SPD) is investigated. The FMDVRP-SPD is the problem of allocating customers to several depots, so that the optimal set of routes is determined simultaneously to serve the pickup and the delivery demands of each customer within scattered depots. In the problem, both pickup and delivery dema...

In this paper, we have conducted a literature review on the recent developments and publications involving the vehicle routing problem and its variants, namely vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW) and the capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) and also their variants. The VRP is classified as an NP-hard problem. Hence, the use of exact optimization methods may be difficult to s...

This article proposes a stochastic vehicle routing problem within the frame-wok of chance constrained programming where one or more parameters are presumed to be random variables with known distribution function. The reality is that once we convert some special form of probabilistic constraint into their equivalent deterministic form then a nonlinear constraint generates. Knowing that reliable ...

Vehicle routing problem is a NP-hard problem in combination optimization problem, It is influenced by many factors, and the process is complex. However, the search space of particle swarm algorithm is limited and prone to precocious phenomenon. In this paper, we based on the original particle swarm optimization, present a new way of location update algorithm (VPSO).VPSO in the process of solvin...

The efficiency of transportation requests fulfillment can be increased through extending the problem of vehicle routing and scheduling by the possibility of subcontracting a part of the requests to external carriers. This problem extension transforms the usual vehicle routing and scheduling problems to the more general integrated operational transportation problems. In this contribution, we ana...

The author of a recent book inferred that the slowed decline in U.S. vehicle fatality rates in the 1990 s relative to other industrialized countries resulted from too much emphasis on vehicle factors. He claimed that Canada had the same vehicle mix but a lower fatality rate. Actually, U.S. death rates by make and model applied to Canadian vehicle sales indicates that Canada's death rate would b...