and so I will focus on this aspect of the volume, summarizing the remaining papers in my concluding remarks. The classical approach to modals from Kratzer treats them as existential or universal quantifiers over a contextually restricted set of possible worlds. Different flavors of modality—circumstantial, deontic, epistemic, etc.—correspond to different choices of contextually provided restric...

This paper describes a semantics for modal terms such as can and may that is intended to model the mental representation of their meaning. The basic assumption of the theory is that the evaluation of a modal assertion involves an attempted mental construction of a specified alternative to a given situation rather than the separate evaluation of each member of a set of possible alternatives as w...

The present collection addresses a number of issues in the semantic interpretation of modal and temporal expressions. Despite the variety the papers exhibit both in the selection of topics and the choice of formal frameworks, they are interconnected through several overarching themes that are at the centre of much ongoing research. The purpose of this brief introduction is to put the papers int...

We show in this paper that some expressions indicating source of evidence are part of propositional content and are best analyzed as a special kind of epistemic modal. Our evidence comes from the Japanese evidential system. We consider six evidentials in Japanese, showing that they can be embedded in conditionals and under modals and that their properties with respect to modal subordination are...

This article discusses some of the ways in which natural language can express modal information—information which is, to a first approximation, about what could be or must be the case, as opposed to being about what actually is the case. It motivates, explains, and raises problems for Angelika Kratzer’s influential theory of modal auxiliaries, and introduces a new approach to one important deba...

1.1 Tutorial content Modality and negation are ubiquitous phenomena in language. Generally speaking, modality is a grammatical category that allows to express aspects related to the speaker's attitude towards her statements in terms of degree of certainty, reliability, and subjectivity. In this tutorial modality is understood in a broad sense, which involves related concepts like subjectivity, ...

We present evidence from two experiments demonstrating that the Hindi focus particle -hii is sensitive to variable scalar endpoints, and we relate these findings to previous work on only and modality to unify the taxonomy of exclusive particles with formalized notions of speaker expectations. Only, and other exclusives in English, can appeal to a set of rank-ordered scalar alternatives. Such pa...

Visible-infrared person re-identification (VI-ReID), which aims to search identities across different spectra, is a challenging task due large cross-modality discrepancy between visible and infrared images. The key reduce the filter out identity-irrelevant interference effectively learn modality-invariant representations. In this paper, we propose novel Modality Restitution Compensation Network...