In calibration of model parameters for discrete element method (DEM) based models the focus lies on matching mean key performance indicator (KPI) values from laboratory experiments to those simulation results. However, due stochastic nature granular processes experimental results can show large variances. To include behaviour, interpolation-based and regression-based metamodels are trained with...

Abstract Uncertainty in climate projections is large as shown by the likely uncertainty ranges equilibrium sensitivity (ECS) of 2.5–4 K and transient response (TCR) 1.4–2.2 K. model could arise from way which unresolved processes are represented, parameter values used, or targets for calibration. We show that, two ensembles that were objectively calibrated to minimize differences observed large...