For a given positive integer v with v ≡ 4(mod 6) and v > 4, let CKPD(v) denote a canonical Kirkman packing design of order v. It is proved in this paper that any CKPD(v) can be embedded in a CKPD(u) if u ≡ v ≡ 4 (mod 6), v ≥ 82 and u ≥ 3.5v.

The Grouping Genetic Algorithm (GGA) is a Genetic Algorithm heavily modified to suit the structure of grouping problems. Those are the problems where the aim is to find a good partition of a set, or to group together the members of the set. The Bin Packing Problem (BPP) is a well known NP-hard grouping problem items of various sizes have to be grouped inside bins of fixed capacity. On the other...

Packing problems (sometimes also called cutting problems) are combinatorial optimization problems concerned with placement of objects (items) in one or several containers. Some packing problems are special cases of several other problems such as resource-constrained scheduling, capacitated vehicle routing, etc. In this paper we consider a bounding technique for oneand higher-dimensional orthogo...

We survey lower bounds for the variant of the two-dimensional bin packing problem where items cannot be rotated. We prove that the dominance relation claimed by Carlier et al.[5] between their lower bounds and those of Boschetti and Mingozzi [1] is not valid. We analyze the performance of lower bounds from the literature and we provide the results of a computational experiment.

We prove that Best Fit bin packing has linear waste on the discrete distributionU{j, k} (where items are drawn uniformly from the set {1/k, 2/k, · · · , j/k}) for sufficiently large k when j = αk and 0.66 ≤ α < 2/3. Our results extend to continuous skewed distributions, where items are drawn uniformly on [0, a], for 0.66 ≤ a < 2/3. This implies that the expected asymptotic performance ratio of ...

The human N-ras protein binds to cellular membranes by insertion of two covalently bound posttranslational lipid modifications, which is crucial for its function in signal transduction and cell proliferation. Mutations in ras may lead to unregulated cell growth and eventually cancer, making it an important therapeutic target. Here we have investigated the molecular details of the membrane bindi...

BACKGROUND This paper proposes a semantic segmentation algorithm that provides the spatial distribution patterns of pulmonary ground-glass nodules with solid portions in computed tomography (CT) images. METHODS The proposed segmentation algorithm, anatomy packing with hierarchical segments (APHS), performs pulmonary nodule segmentation and quantification in CT images. In particular, the APHS ...

original paper   the mass-transfer media plays a significant role on the performance of a packed tower. in this paper three counter-current single-stage packed towers at laboratory scale, randomly packed with two different sizes of two types of packing material were experimentally tested to study the role of the packing on the performance of them in the removal of sulfuric acid mists. gas sampl...