Described here is a semiquantitative theoretical treatment of the kinetics of outer sphere electrochemical reactions. The framework presented here, which is based on simple physical arguments, predicts heterogeneous rate constants consistent with previous experimental observations (k0 > 10 cm/s). This theory is applied to the analysis of voltammetry experiments involving ultramicroelectrodes mo...

fabrication of a cysteamine (ca) self-assembled monolayer (sam) modified gold electrode insitufunctionalized with l-lysine (lys) is presented and described. the fabricated electrode was used forhighly selective and sensitive accumulation and the determination of copper ions (cu2+) in a nanomolarconcentration. techniques like cyclic voltammetry (cv) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (ei...

Bisphenol A (BPA), which is an endocrine-disrupting substance, often utilized as beverage and food packing material, it may accumulate in nutrition water sources, why important to monitor. In this study, for the determination of bisphenol A, electro-polymerization glutamic acid (GA) was performed on a pencil graphite electrode (PGE). The performance sensor (PGA/PGE) determining examined utilizi...