Background: Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) play a major role in the regulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)- and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-mediated pathways. Their inhibitors exhibit anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory and antithrombotic effects. Therefore, consumption of foods with PDE-inhibiting potential may possess beneficial influence on the risk of cardiovascular diseases. ...

Essential differences in the degree of papaverine [5 x 10(-5) M]- and theophylline [1 x 10(-3) M]-induced inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) were found in homogenates from different structures of the CNS as well as from different organs of male albino rats. Both inhibitors of PDE showed a mosaic pattern of their inhibitory effects on the enzyme activity of the brain structu...

The possible involvement of phosphodiesterase (PDE) activation in phototransduction was investigated in gecko photoreceptors by comparing the in situ PDE activity with the photoreceptor potential. In the dark, intracellular injection of cGMP into a gecko photoreceptor caused a long-lasting depolarization. An intense light flash given during the depolarization phase repolarized the cell with a s...

BACKGROUND The anti-inflammatory effects of the selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors cilostazol (PDE 3), RO 20-1724 (PDE 4) and sildenafil (PDE 5) were examined in a murine model of allergic asthma. These compounds were used alone and in combination to determine any potential synergism, with dexamethasone included as a positive control. METHODS Control and ovalbumin sensitised Balb/C ...

Nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT)-3 is a member of the transcription factor NFAT family, which has been demonstrated to be responsible for the up-regulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in the immune system. Our most recent studies have also shown that TNF is able to induce cell transformation in mouse epidermal Cl41 cells by induction of cyclooxygenase-2...

We have previously shown that mitogenic activation of human PBMC rapidly increases both the intracellular phosphatidic acid (PA) level and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity, with time-course responses, suggesting a causative relationship between the two events. PA also directly stimulated cAMP-PDE activity in acellular systems. Thus the mitogenic properties of PA night be due t...

Abstract. This paper presents a reformulation of Krylov Subspace Spectral (KSS) Methods, which build on Gene Golub’s many contributions pertaining to moments and Gaussian quadrature, to produce high-order accurate approximate solutions to variable-coefficient time-dependent PDE. This reformulation serves two useful purposes. First, it more clearly illustrates the distinction between KSS methods...

A compiler transformation to minimize the number of messages in PDE parallel iterative codes is presented. For the n-dimensional high-order PDE or second-order PDE using high-order finite differences, this transformation reduces the number of messages from as large as 3 − 1 to the minimum 2n.

Sundance is a package in the Trilinos suite designed to provide high-level components for the development of highperformance PDE simulators with built-in capabilities for PDE-constrained optimization. We review the implications of PDE-constrained optimization on simulator design requirements, then survey the architecture of the Sundance problem specification components. These components allow i...