particle size, board density and adhesive content are the most important factors, influencing on physical and mechanical properties of particleboard. in this study the effects of density, adhesive content and particle size on withdrawal strength of particleboard made from populus (populus alba) particles have been studied. three levels of density including 0.65, 0.7, and 0.75 g/cm3, three level...

the oil-paper insulation is a type of an inexpensive combination insulation system in oil-filled power transformers. in this study the dielectric and strength properties of canola oil and mineral oil impregnated hand-sheet papers were investigated. all hand sheets were made of unbleached bagasse soda pulp with two different freeness levels of 200 ± 25 ml, csf and 400± 25 ml,csf. after drying th...

[1] The augmented Noah land surface model described in the first part of the two‐part series was evaluated here over global river basins. Across various climate zones, global‐scale tests can reveal a model’s weaknesses and strengths that a local‐scale testing cannot. In addition, global‐scale tests are more challenging than local‐ and catchment‐scale tests. Given constant model parameters (e. g...

The study examined the relationships between whole tree hydraulic conductance (K(tree)) and the conductance in roots (K(root)) and leaves (K(leaf)) in loblolly pine trees. In addition, the role of seasonal variations in K(root) and K(leaf) in mediating stomatal control of transpiration and its response to vapour pressure deficit (D) as soil-dried was studied. Compared to trunk and branches, roo...

wood is a porous three dimensional, hydroscopic, viscoelastic, anisotropic bio-polymer composite composed of an interconnecting matrix of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin with minor amounts of inorganic elements and organic extractives. some, but not all, of the cell wall polymer hydroxyl groups are accessible to moisture and these accessible hydroxyls form hydrogen bonds with water. as the...

Hydrophilic nature of epoxy polymers can lead to both reversible and irreversible/permanent changes in epoxy upon moisture absorption. The permanent changes leading to the degradation of mechanical properties due to combined effect of moisture and elevated temperature on EPON 862, Nanomer I.28E, and Somasif MAE clay-epoxy nanocomposites are investigated in this study. The extent of permanent de...

This paper reports that the stress-corrosion cracking induced by autoclave test condition reduces the mechanical strength of anisotropic conductive joints and also increases the contact resistance by allowing more moisture to reach the aluminium metallization. The use of anisotropic conductive joints with bumpless chips allows a reduction in the costs of the flip chip bonding process. The epoxy...

Replacement of plastics used in the food industry seems to be a serious issue to overcome mainly the environmental problems in recent years. This study investigates the hydrophilicity and permeability properties of starch biopolymer which ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) (0-10%) and nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) (1-15%) were used to enhance its properties. Starch -EVOH nanocomposites were prepar...

Abundant evidence has shown that grazing alters plant functional traits, community structure and ecosystem functioning of grasslands. Few studies, however, have tested how plant responses to grazing are mediated by resource availability and plant functional group identity. We examined the effects of grazing on functional traits across a broad range of species along a soil moisture gradient in I...

Mapping fluxes of CO 2 and moisture at building to block scale is necessary take informed action mitigate climate change reduce urban warming. This study used the aerodynamic resistance approach build maps fine spatial resolution.