Stigma-height dimorphism is a sexual polymorphism in which plant populations are composed of two floral morphs that differ significantly in style length but not anther position. The morphs exhibit approach and reverse herkogamy, floral designs that in most species typically occur as monomorphic conditions. We investigated the floral biology of stigma-height dimorphism in the Mediterranean geoph...

Let ǫ > 0 be a positive number. Is there a number δ > 0 satisfying the following? Given any pair of unitaries u and v in a unital simple C∗-algebra A with [v] = 0 in K1(A) for which ‖uv − vu‖ < δ, there is a continuous path of unitaries {v(t) : t ∈ [0, 1]} ⊂ A such that v(0) = v, v(1) = 1 and ‖uv(t)− v(t)u‖ < ǫ for all t ∈ [0, 1]. An answer is given to this question when A is assumed to be a un...

To date, molecular markers have not settled the question of the specific status of the closely related, but phylogenetically unresolved, brown seaweeds, hermaphroditic Fucus spiralis and dioecious Fucus vesiculosus, nor their propensity for natural hybridization. To test the degree of species integrity and to assess effect of the mating system on the population genetic structure, 288 individual...

A wide range of organisms use sex pheromones to communicate with each other and to identify appropriate mating partners. While the evolution of chemical communication has been suggested to cause sexual isolation and speciation, the mechanisms that govern evolutionary transitions in sex pheromone production are poorly understood. Here, we decipher the molecular mechanisms underlying the rapid ev...

Let A be the classical, singly-graded Steenrod algebra over prime order field F2 and let P⊗h:=F2[t1,…,th] denote polynomial on h generators, each of degree 1, viewed as a module A. Write GLh for usual general linear group rank F2. As well known, (mod 2) cohomology groups algebra, ExtAh,h+⁎(F2,F2) is still largely mysterious all homological degrees h≥6. The h-th algebraic transferTrhA:(F2⊗GLhAnn...

In this paper, we principally explore flat modules over a commutative ring with identity. We do this in relation to projective and injective modules with the help of derived functors like Tor and Ext. We also consider an extension of the property of flatness and induce analogies with the “special cases” occurring in flat modules. We obtain some results on flatness in the context of a noetherian...

A feature of the presented study is a comprehensive approach to studying reliability problem linguistic testing results due several functional and variable factors impact. Contradictions ambiguous views scientists on researched issues determine relevance this study. The article highlights equivalence diagnostic potential complexity closed open test tasks. polymorphism monomorphism tests, as wel...

In the definition of a crossed module $(T,G,rho)$, the actions of the group $T$ and $G$ on themselves are given by conjugation. In this paper, we consider these actions to be arbitrary and thus generalize the concept of ordinary crossed module. Therefore, we get the category ${bf GCM}$, of all generalized crossed modules and generalized crossed module morphisms between them, and investigate som...

Objectives: The paper constitutes an ample study on digital dermatoglyphics, from a pathological perspective. Material and methods: Study population was represented by 200 subjects (100 men and 100 women) of all ages, coming from an endogamous rural locality the village of Butea, county of Iaşi and there were used 400 dermatoglyphic files. It was noted that the high level of endogamy within the...

The paper presents a part of the results obtained in a complex research project on Romanian Grey Steppe breed, owner of some remarkable qualities such as hardiness, longevity, adaptability, special resistance to ban weather and diseases and included in the genetic fund (G.D. no. 822/2008.) from Romania. Following the researches effectuated, we identified alleles of six loci, codifying the six t...