The use of Monte Carlo simulations in diagnostic medical imaging research is widespread due to its flexibility and ability to estimate quantities that are challenging to measure empirically. However, any new Monte Carlo simulation code needs to be validated before it can be used reliably. The type and degree of validation required depends on the goals of the research project, but, typically, su...

The determination of gyration radius is a strong research for configuration of a Macromolecule. Italso reflects molecular compactness shape. In this work, to characterize the behavior of theprotein, we observe quantities such as the radius of gyration and the average energy. We studiedthe changes of these factors as a function of temperature for Acetylcholine receptor protein in gasphase with n...

Most of previous works and applications Bayesian factor model have assumed the normal likelihood regardless its validity. We propose a for heavy-tailed high-dimensional data based on multivariate Student-t to obtain better covariance estimation. use multiplicative gamma process shrinkage prior number adaptation scheme proposed in Bhattacharya Dunson [Biometrika 98(2):291–306, 2011]. Since naive...

Background: In CT systems, the machine utilizes a bowtie filter to shape the X-ray beam and remove lower energy photons. The shape of this bowtie filter is complicated and its geometry is often not available in detail. These renders the CT dose index (CTDI) to have different values in measurement versus Monte Carlo simulation studies and other analytical calculations especially in dosimetry of ...

ABSTRACT Background: accurate methods of radiation therapy dose calculation. There are different Monte Carlo codesfor simulation of photons, electrons and the coupled transport of electrons and photons. MCNPis a general purpose Monte Carlo code that can be used for electron, photon and coupledphoton-electron transport.Monte Carlo simulation of radiation transport is considered to be one of the ...

Lattice rules are a quasi-Monte Carlo method, an alternative to the Monte Carlo method for multidimensional numerical integration. The measures of performance that we estimate by simulation can be seen as the values of integrals in large dimensions. Therefore, instead of the usual Monte Carlo method, one can use lattice rules in simulation. In this paper, we compare these rules to the Monte Car...

Early stage oral cancer can be cured with oral brachytherapy, but whole-body radiation exposure status has not been previously studied. Recently, the International Commission on Radiological Protection Committee (ICRP) recommended the use of ICRP phantoms to estimate radiation exposure from external and internal radiation sources. In this study, we used a Monte Carlo simulation with ICRP phanto...