Discussions within normative ethics would be facilitated by a classification that treat actions and moral norms within the same functional framework. Based on evolutionary biology, we distinguish five categories of action. Four of these selfishness, kin selection, group egoism, and reciprocity benefit the individual's genetic interest and may be described as "broad self-interest", but not so al...

In The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, published in 1871, Charles Darwin wrote: "I fully ... subscribe to the judgment of those writers who maintain that of all the differences between man and the lower animals the moral sense or conscience is by far the most important." I raise the question of whether morality is biologically or culturally determined. The question of whether ...

During medical training, students obtain enough skills and knowledge. However, medical ethics accomplishes its goals when, together with training medical courses, it guides students behavior towards morality so that ethics-oriented medical practice is internalized. Medical ethics is a branch of applied ethics which tries to introduce ethics into physicians' practice and ethical decisions; thus,...

The mediator can play an active role in creating the ethical framework in the conflict mediation. A pyramidal hierarchy of ethics principles in mediation is proposed: mediator’s ethics/legality and morality of the negotiation subject/ethics in the communication between negotiators/ethics of the procedures, techniques and tactics of negotiation. Exercising a triple role (personal example of ethi...

Noting that Benhabib’s ethical theory has seldom been engaged with by sociologists of morality, this article introduces and interrogates from a sociological perspective. It is argued critiques Enlightenment conceptions morality complement theories morality. Her concepts the ‘concrete’ ‘generalized’ other ‘interactive universalism’ can potentially inform recurrent debates in sociology about exte...