Jonsen coined the term "Rule of Rescue"(RR) to describe the imperative people feel to rescue identifiable individuals facing avoidable death. In this paper we attempt to draw a more detailed picture of the RR, identifying its conflict with cost-effectiveness analysis, the preference it entails for identifiable over statistical lives, the shock-horror response it elicits, the preference it entai...

One of the most famous, and most derided, arguments against the morality of abortion is the argument from potential, which maintains that the fetus' potential to become a person and enjoy the valuable life common to persons, entails that its destruction is prima facie morally impermissible. In this paper, I will revisit and offer a defense of the argument from potential.First, I will criticize ...

A raft of prominent findings has revived the notion that higher-level cognitive factors such as desire, meaning, and moral relevance can directly affect what we see. For example, under conditions of brief presentation, morally relevant words reportedly ‘‘pop out’’ and are easier to identify than morally irrelevant words. Though such results purport to show that perception itself is sensitive to...

We measured the precision with which an irrelevant feature of a relevant object is stored in visual short-term memory. In each experiment, 600 online subjects each completed 30 trials in which the same feature (orientation or color) was relevant, followed by a single surprise trial in which the other feature was relevant. Pooling data across all subjects, we find in a delayed-estimation task bu...

Is morally motivated decision making different from others kinds of decision making? There is evidence that when people have sacred or protected values (PVs) they reject tradeoffs for secular values (e.g.” You can’t put a price on a human life.”) and tend to employ deontological rather than consequentialist decision principles. People motivated by PVs appear to show “quantity insensitivity.” Th...

Emotional nurturance is a fundamental feature of all forms professional caring. As well as delivering expert social, health, education, practical or personal services, good caregivers possess an other-centred disposition, are emotionally intelligent and relationally skilled, morally Despite this, the value, role, status emotional in care ambivalent. Drawing on feminist theory, Hochchild’s labou...

In this issue of the journal Rupert Jarvis argues for a simple idea-a 'modest proposal'-that he believes will radically increase the supply of organs for trans-plantation (1). Given the existing shortage of donor organs for transplantation it would be entirely just, he reasons, for our society to give priority for receipt of organs for transplantation to those patients who had previously volunt...

目的 准确定位超声甲状腺结节对甲状腺癌早期诊断具有重要意义，但患者结节大小、形状以及位置的不确定性极大影响了结节分割的准确率和模型的泛化能力。为了提高超声甲状腺结节分割的精度，增强泛化性能并降低模型的参数量，辅助医生诊断疾病，减少误诊，提出一种面向甲状腺结节超声图像分割的多尺度特征融合“h”形网络。方法 首先提出一种网络框架，形状与字母h相似，由一个编码器和两个解码器组成，引入深度可分离卷积缩小网络尺寸。编码器用于提取图像特征，且构建增强下采样模块来减少下采样时造成的信息损失，增强解码器特征提取的能力。第1个解码器负责获取图像的初步分割信息；第2个解码器通过融合第1个解码器预先学习到的信息来增强结节的特征表达，提升分割精度，并设计了融合卷积池化金字塔实现多尺度特征融合，增强模型的泛化能力。结果 该网络在内部数据集上的Dice相似系数（Dice similarity coefficie...