Codonopsis lanceolata (Campanulaceae) have been traditionally used to treat lung inflammatory diseases, such as asthma, tonsillitis, and pharyngitis. The present study was performed to evaluate the cognitive-enhancing effects of steamed and fermented C. lanceolata in scopolamine-induced memory impairments in mice. Cognitive abilities were determined by the Morris water maze and passive avoidanc...

BACKGROUND Danggui-Jakyak-San (DJS), a traditional herbal prescription, has been used to treat insufficient blood supplies. Recently, regenerative medication for the treatment of cerebral ischemia has drawn the attention of many researchers. METHODS In this study, we examined whether DJS exerts a neuronal regenerative effect in the hippocampus of a transient forebrain ischemia mice model. Tra...

Learning to navigate toward a goal is an essential skill. Place learning is thought to rely on the ability of animals to associate the location of a goal with surrounding environmental cues. Using the Morris water maze, a task popularly used to examine place learning, we demonstrate that distal cues provide animals with distance and directional information. We show how animals use the cues in a...

We present an automatic video processing system for tracking analysis in the Morris water escape testing videos. This system is able to extract automatically from such videos information (metadata) describing the spatiotemporal trajectories of animals in the maze and the timings of behavioral events such as stopping or crossing of a target area. The specific semantic metadata are produced by th...

This study is to examine if hydrogen-rich saline reduced amyloid beta (Abeta) induced neural inflammation, and learning and memory deficits in a rat model. S-D male rats (n=84, 280-330g) were divided into three groups, sham-operated, Abeta1-42 injected and Abeta1-42 plus hydrogen-rich saline-treated animals. Hydrogen-rich saline (5ml/kg, i.p., daily) was injected for 14days after intracerebrove...

Learning and memory are vital attributes of human intelligence. These processes underlie the very nature our self-awareness, planning execution task. The number people living with dementia worldwide is currently estimated at 35.6 million. About 80% world’s population depend on herbal remedies to curb mental disorders. This study aimed investigate effects administration ethanolic leaves extract ...

Background and Aim: Learning and memory defect occurs following chronic diabetes with uncontrolled blood glucose. Ginkgo leaf extract improves brain blood flow. Also it contains antioxidant components and has shown beneficial effects in neurological diseases. In this study we investigated the effects of Ginkgo leaf extract on spatial memory impairment and hippocampal neuronal loss caused by dia...

The mechanisms that contribute to the extinction of previously acquired memories are not well understood. These processes, often referred to as inhibitory learning, are thought to be parallel learning mechanisms that require a reacquisition of new information and suppression of previously acquired experiences in order to adapt to novel situations. Using newly generated metabotropic glutamate re...

This study is aimed at investigating the effects of methylphenidate about search strategy use on the spontaneously hypertensive rat, an animal model of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the Morris water maze. The methylphenidate group rats were given intraperitoneal injection of methylphenidate (10 mg/kg) dissolved in saline 30 min before daily training for 6 consecutive days. In the ...

The aim of this study was to observe the effects of jujube on learning and memory in ovariectomized rats. The effects of jujube on learning and memory in ovariectomized rats were observed using the Morris water maze method. The serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estrogen and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, and the brain nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels ...