Blood-stage level Plasmodium falciparum infection (parasitemia density) is generally elevated prior to, or at the time of, clinical presentation of severe pediatric malaria episodes. Intensity of exposure to infective Anopheles mosquito bites is a suspected determinant of higher density parasitemia. Analyses of entomologic and parasitologic data collected in 1986-1987 were conducted to investig...

In South America, the epidemiology and ecology of dengue fever are strongly associated with human habits because the vector Aedes aegypti is strictly urban. Thus, the evaluation of people's knowledge and practice (PKP) is of great importance to improve integrated control measures. A PKP evaluation has been done in a suburb of Brasilia. Thirty questions were submitted to 130 habitants about inco...

Since May 2015, when Zika virus, a flavivirus transmitted primarily by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, was reported in Brazil, the virus has rapidly spread across the Region of the Americas and the Caribbean. The association between maternal Zika virus infection and adverse fetal and reproductive outcomes, including microcephaly, prompted CDC to issue a Level 2 alert travel notice* for the 37 countri...

Twenty-one commercial insect repellent products, including 12 botanical, 6 DEET-based, and 3 synthetic organics, were evaluated as larvicides and as oviposition deterrents of Aedes albopictus. Ten of the 12 botanical products at 0.1% concentration provided 57-100% mortality of laboratory-reared 4th-stage Ae. albopictus larvae at 24 h after treatment. Five of the 6 DEET-based products and 3 synt...

Aedes albopictus, a mosquito vector of Dengue virus, has been recorded for the first time in Cameroon. Entomologic surveys in 2000 demonstrated that it is widespread in southern Cameroon, colonizing a wide variety of breeding sites and biting humans in every district surveyed. The presence of this vector increases the risk for emergence of dengue in Cameroon.

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is arguably one of the most serious viral encephalitis diseases worldwide. China has a long history of high prevalence of Japanese encephalitis, with thousands of cases reported annually and incidence rates often exceeding 15/100,000. In global terms, the scale of outbreaks and high incidence of these pandemics has almost been unique, placing a heavy burden on the Chi...

Certain strains of the endosymbiont Wolbachia have the potential to lower the vectorial capacity of mosquito populations and assist in controlling a number of mosquito-borne diseases. An important consideration when introducing Wolbachia-carrying mosquitoes into natural populations is the minimisation of any transient increase in disease risk or biting nuisance. This may be achieved by predomin...

In October 2013, a locally-acquired case of dengue virus (DENV) infection was reported in Western Australia (WA) where local dengue transmission has not occurred for over 70 years. Laboratory testing confirmed recent DENV infection and the case demonstrated a clinically compatible illness. The infection was most likely acquired in the Pilbara region in the northwest of WA. Follow up investigati...

The recent outbreak of the Zika virus attracts worldwide attention probably because the most recently affected country (Brazil) will host the 2016 Olympic Game. Zika virus infected cases are now spreading to many other countries and its infection might be linked to some severe medical sequelae. Since its first isolation from the infected monkey in 1947 in Uganda, only a few studies had been tak...

anopheles dthali patton which is one of the 7 malaria vectors in iran was not taken in to consideration until november 1965 when definite sporozaites were found for the first time in its salivary glands in bandar abbas, south of iran. afterwards, efforts have been made to get complete ecological and epidemiological information on this species. the areas of study were two districts of mamasani, ...