Parkinson's disease (PD) is a movement disorder caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to nigrostriatal degeneration. The inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I and oxidative stress-induced damage have been implicated in the pathogenesis of PD. The present study used these specific mitochondrial complex I inhibitors (rotenone a...

Gamma-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) interneurons (INs) in the dentate gyrus (DG) provide inhibitory control to granule cell (GC) activity and thus gate incoming signals to the hippocampus. However, how various IN subtypes inhibit GCs in response to different excitatory input pathways remains mostly unknown. By using electrophysiology and optogenetics, we investigated neurotransmission of t...

In this paper, a theoretical model of a micro-perforated panel (MPP) backed by a finite cavity and flush-mounted in an infinite baffle is developed and its performance in terms of sound absorption is analyzed. The model allows an oblique incidence sound impinging upon the MPP absorber. The simplified Rayleigh integral method, thin plate theory and the acoustical impedance of the MPP are used to...

The general MPP removes the amino-terminal extensions of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins. It consists of two nonidentical subunits termed a-MPP and p-MPP, which are supposed to form a heterodimer (Kalousek et al., 1993). Although the enzyme is localized in the matrix space of fungal and mammalian mitochondria, it was shown to reside in the inner mitochondrial membrane in plants (Braun et...

magnesium oxide nanoclusters have attracted much attention due to their potential applications to catalysis and novel optoelectronic materials. in the present study, we have studied the electronic and magnetic properties of the stoichiometric magnesium oxide nanoclusters (mgo)n  for n = 2-20. although the binding energy increases with the size of the cluster, it  reaches the asymptotic limit of...

Many methods have been developed to aid in achieving the maximum power point (MPP) generated by PV fields order improve photovoltaic (PV) production. The optimized steepest gradient technique (OSGM), which is used extract produced a field coupled multicell series converter, one such promising methodology. OSGM uses function’s first and second derivatives find optimal voltage (Vpv) converge (Vre...

The membrane-permeable peptides (MPP) such as undecapeptides TAT (YGRKKRRQRRR) and CTP (YGRRARRRRRR) have been receiving much attention for delivering various kinds of low membrane-permeability materials in vitro and in vivo. We have successfully used MPP in carrying various proteins through blood-brain barrier (BBB) in treatment of many kinds of nervous diseases. However, people always concent...

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is up-regulated in response to oxidative stress and catalyzes the degradation of pro-oxidant heme to carbon monoxide (CO), iron, and bilirubin. Intense HO-1 immunostaining in the Parkinsonian brain is demonstrated, indicating that HO-1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinsonism. We here locally injected adenovirus containing human HO-1 gene (Ad-HO-1) into rat su...

The expression of homosynaptic long-term depression (LTD) is thought to mediate a crucial role in sustaining memory function. Our in vivo investigations of LTD expression at lateral (LPP) and medial perforant path (MPP) synapses in the dentate gyrus (DG) corroborate prior demonstrations that PP-DG LTD is difficult to induce in intact animals. In freely moving animals, LTD expression occurred in...

We argue that multiple point principle (MPP) can be used to ensure CP conservation and the absence of flavour changing neutral currents within the two Higgs doublet model (2HDM). We also discuss Higgs phenomenology in the MPP inspired 2HDM. PACS. 12.60.Fr Extensions of electroweak Higgs sector – 14.80.Bn Standard-model Higgs bosons