Activation-induced cytosine deaminase preferentially deaminates C in DNA on the nontranscribed strand in vitro, which theoretically should produce a large increase in mutations of C during hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes. However, a bias for C mutations has not been observed among the mutations in variable genes. Therefore, we examined mutations in the mu and gamma switch regions, which c...

We consider the periodic problem for Korteweg–de Vries–Burgers (KdVB) equation with pumping v t − x + α 3 = ∂ 2 , ∈ Ω > 0 ( ) \begin{equation*} {\left\lbrace \def\eqcellsep{&}\begin{array}{c}v_{t}-v_{xx}+\frac{\alpha }{3}v_{xxx}=v+\partial _{x}{\left(v^{2}\right)} ,\text{ }x\in \Omega ,t>0,\\ v(0,x)=v_{0}{\left(x\right)} \end{array} \right.} \end{equation*} where [ π ] $\Omega =[ -\pi ,\pi ]$ R...

The anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I monoclonal antibody (mAb) TP25.99 has a unique specificity since it recognizes both a conformational and a linear determinant expressed on the beta(2)-mu-associated and beta(2)-mu-free HLA class I heavy chains, respectively. Previously, we reported the identification of a cyclic and a linear peptide that inhibits mAb TP25.99 binding to the beta(2)-...

Hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity is increased in postpartum female rats, a phenomenon that depends on the lactation stimulus. Here we evaluated the effect of prolactin (PRL) administration on hepatic enzyme activity and on the expression of the major subunits of the alpha- (rGSTA1, rGSTA2, rGSTA3) and mu-classes (rGSTM1, rGSTM2). A similar study was conducted in lactating (LM) a...

Mu- and m-calpain are cysteine proteases requiring micro- and millimolar Ca2+ concentrations for their activation in vitro. Among other mechanisms, interaction of calpains with membrane phospholipids has been proposed to facilitate their activation by nanomolar [Ca2+] in living cells. Here the interaction of non-autolysing, C115A active-site mutated heterodimeric human mu-calpain with phospholi...

We examined the effects of calcium modulators on mu and delta opioid receptor agonist-induced antinociception in both diabetic and nondiabetic mice. In nondiabetic mice, intracerebroventricular (i.c. v.) pretreatment with calcium and thapsigargin, which increase intracellular calcium, reduced [D-Ala2,N-MePhe4,Gly-ol5]-enkephalin (DAMGO)-induced antinociception by shifting its dose-response curv...

In this work, we study the interaction strength among a neutral scalar boson and two massless vector bosons in presence of an external magnetic field. Based on global symmetries, build general tensor structure amplitude ${\mathcal{M}}^{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\nu}}$ for process ${V}^{\ensuremath{\mu}}+{V}^{\ensuremath{\nu}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\phi}$ terms polarization states...

Human mu opioid receptor gene polymorphisms and vulnerability to substance abuse. Sequence variations in the mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) associated with human addiction to heroin. Sequence variability and candidate gene analysis in complex disease: association of mu opioid receptor gene variation with substance dependence. Mu opioid receptor gene variants: lack of association with alcohol d...

Then we will show that in using Kirchhoff’s laws together with the superpotential approach of Moreau we may introduce a general mathematical formalism which can be used to study a large class of circuits in electronics. We will see that the study of such formalism may be reduced to the one of a class of variational inequalities of the second kind, more precisely, variational inequalities of the...