We refine an abstract result of the authors [JP3] concerning the strict positivity of entropy production of L1–asymptotically Abelian C∗-dynamical systems and apply the new result to a model describing finitely many free Fermi gas reservoirs coupled by local interactions. In particular, assuming that the reservoirs are initially not at equal temperatures or chemical potentials, we show that the...

Natural gas extraction is experiencing what has been called a quiet revolution. The industry historically viewed natural gas as trapped in reservoirs, where it collects over thousands of years after exiting source rock. Though hard to find, the reservoirs easily give up large amounts of their holdings when penetrated by drilling. But what if natural gas could be extracted directly from source r...

Anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have substantially contributed to intensification of heavy precipitation and thus the risk of flood occurrence, and this anthropogenic climate change is now likely to continue for many centuries. Thus, precise quantification of human-induced GHG emissions is urgently required for modeling future global warming and precipitation changes, which is stro...

We present a stochastic approach to nonequilibrium thermodynamics based on the expression of the entropy production rate advanced by Schnakenberg for systems described by a master equation. From the microscopic Schnakenberg expression we get the macroscopic bilinear form for the entropy production rate in terms of fluxes and forces. This is performed by placing the system in contact with two re...

Traditional methods of coal seam gas drainage rely on the use of reservoir pressure reduction to promote gas desorption from the coal matrix. Studies in coal mining gas drainage operations, particularly in coal seams that are deeply undersaturated and have low permeability, found the rate of reservoir pressure reduction was prohibitively slow. In such conditions, lengthy production delays have ...

We introduce a facile approach for the production of gas-filled microcapsules designed to withstand high pressures. We exploit microfluidics to fabricate water-filled microcapsules that are then externally triggered to become gas-filled, thus making them more echogenic. In addition, the gas-filled microcapsules have a solid polymer shell making them resistant to pressure-induced buckling, which...

High molecular weight compounds dissolved in gases at elevated pressures and temperatures in reservoirs often present production problems. These can range ftom precipitation of solids which foul chillers and tubing to plasticizing membranes used for gas component separations. Quantitative analysis of such samples is problematic because they are frequently present in sample vessels as two phases...

The exploration of offshore gas/oil has been moving to deepwater fields as big reservoirs have been found and technologies have improved. Presently, the most active areas in deepwater gas/oil field development are Africa and the GOM (Gulf of Mexico) in North America. There are many technological challenges in developing deepwater gas/oil fields such as: flow assurance, subsea systems, riser sys...

A mathematical model is developed for fluid and heat flow in two-phase geothermal reservoirs containing noncondensible gas (CO,). Vertical profiles of temperature, pressures and phase saturations in steady-state conditions are obtained by numerically integrating the coupled ordinary differential equations describing conse rm tion of water, CO,, and energy. Solutions including binary diffusion e...