Frostbite is a localized cold thermal injury that results from tissue freezing. Frostbite injuries can have a substantial effect on long-term limb function and mobility if not promptly evaluated and treated. Imaging plays a critical role in initial evaluation of frostbite injuries and in monitoring response to treatment. A multimodality approach involving radiography, digital subtraction angiog...

The use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools is gaining popularity in the analysis of flow phenomenon in components used in air-conditioning and refrigeration systems. However, simulation of two phase (e.g., gas and liquid or oil and refrigerant) and phase changing (evaporation or condensation) flow is still unfeasible in many engineering problems. In this review, the development and sta...

The ability to accurately predict the consequences of hazardous fluid release is dependent on three things: the knowledge of the modeler, the quality of the model that is used, and the quality of the input parameters. One of the most difficult problems in consequence modeling is the prediction of post-release multiphase behavior, especially when a multicomponent mixture is involved. Releases fr...

Reliance on multiphase fluid-dynamics models, which are developed with relatively limited experimental data, requires a quantitative assessment of the solution variability due to the approximations. In this paper, uncertainty in the Eulerian multiphase boiling model in the Nphase-CMFD code is assessed in the context of the DEBORA test case and the CRUD problem. The models under consideration ar...

Many flow regimes in Nuclear Reactor Safety (NRS) Research are characterized by multiphase flows, where one of the phases is continuous and the other phase consists of gas or vapor of the liquid phase. The validation of the CFD multiphase flow models against detailed experimental data for simplified flow configurations is a basic requirement for the accurate prediction of more complex flows, li...

The multi-level cell (MLC) NAND flash memory technology enables multiple bits of information to be stored on a single cell, thus making it possible to increase the density of the memory without increasing the die size. For most MLC flash memories, each cell can be programmed as a single-level cell or a multi-level cell during runtime. Therefore, it has a potential to achieve both the high perfo...

Spatial databases improve the spatial query processing by employing spatial indices. Due to the advantages of flash memories over magnetic disks like faster reads and writes, there is a special interest in managing spatial indices in these memories. However, many flash memories employ a Flash Translation Layer that does not provide open access to many important statistics, restricting the perfo...

SIGNIFICANCE Recent breakthroughs in mitochondrial research have advanced, reshaped, and revolutionized our view of the role of mitochondria in health and disease. These discoveries include the development of novel tools to probe mitochondrial biology, the molecular identification of mitochondrial functional proteins, and the emergence of new concepts and mechanisms in mitochondrial function re...

Limulus ventral photoreceptors were voltage clamped to the resting (dark) potential and stimulated by a 20-ms test flash and a 1-s conditioning flash. At a constant level of adaptation, we measured the response to the test flash given in the dark (control) and the incremental response produced when the test flash occurred within the duration of the conditioning flash. The incremental response i...

The wear leveling is a critical factor which significantly impacts the lifetime and the performance of flash storage systems. To extend lifespan and reduce memory requirements, this paper proposed an efficient wear leveling without substantially increasing overhead and without modifying Flash Translation Layer (FTL) for huge-capacity flash storage systems, which is based on selective replacemen...