نتایج جستجو برای: multiple birth offspring

تعداد نتایج: 899182  

Journal: :Human reproduction 2008
S Huber R Didham M Fieder

BACKGROUND Several studies indicate that the month of birth affects later reproductive output of women in the Northern hemisphere. METHODS To investigate whether a comparable but time-shifted effect is also present in the Southern hemisphere where the seasonal variation of the environment is reversed, we analysed the association between birth month and offspring count in post-reproductive New...

Journal: :Journal of evolutionary biology 2015
M G Thomas D P Shanley A I Houston J M McNamara R Mace T B L Kirkwood

Human reproductive patterns have been well studied, but the mechanisms by which physiology, ecology and existing kin interact to affect the life history need quantification. Here, we create a model to investigate how age-specific interbirth intervals adapt to environmental and intrinsic mortality, and how birth patterns can be shaped by competition and help between siblings. The model provides ...

2017
Kait Al Ousseynou Sarr Kristyn Dunlop Gregory B. Gloor Gregor Reid Jeremy Burton Timothy R.H. Regnault

BACKGROUND The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiota is essential to metabolic health, and the prevalence of the Western diet (WD) high in fat and sugar is increasing, with evidence highlighting a negative interaction between the GIT and WD, resulting in liver dysfunction. Additionally, an adverse in utero environment such as placental insufficiency resulting in low birth weight (LBW) offspri...

2012
Mehran Dorostghoal Naeem Erfani Majd Parvaneh Nooraei

OBJECTIVE Concerns are growing about the decrease in male reproductive health. Caffeine is one of the popular nutrients that has been implicated as a risk factor for infertility. In the present study, we examined whether in utero and lactational exposure to caffeine affects the reproductive function of the offspring of rats. METHODS Pregnant rats received caffeine via drinking water during ge...

Journal: :Histology and histopathology 2017
Mona G Amer Nader M Mohamed Aly A M Shaalan

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) has been linked to heart disease in adulthood. This study aimed to examine the effect of gestational protein restriction during fetal and early postnatal life on the cardiac muscle structure and function in adult offspring. Pregnant female rats were randomly divided into two dietary groups: normal-protein diet (NP) and low-protein diet (LP). Fifteen male o...

2012
Guo-Lian Ding Fang-Fang Wang Jing Shu Shen Tian Ying Jiang Dan Zhang Ning Wang Qiong Luo Yu Zhang Fan Jin Peter C.K. Leung Jian-Zhong Sheng He-Feng Huang

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been shown to be associated with high risk of diabetes in offspring. However, the mechanisms involved and the possibilities of transgenerational transmission are still unclear. We intercrossed male and female adult control and first-generation offspring of GDM (F1-GDM) mice to obtain the second-generation (F2) offspring in four groups: C♂-C♀, C♂-GDM♀, GDM...

Journal: :The British journal of nutrition 2008
Graham C Burdge Karen A Lillycrop Alan A Jackson Peter D Gluckman Mark A Hanson

The nutritional cues which induce different phenotypes from a single genotype in developing offspring are poorly understood. How well prenatal nutrient availability before birth predicts that after birth may also determine the offspring's response to later metabolic challenge. We investigated the effect of feeding pregnant rats diets containing protein at 180 g/kg (Control) or 90 g/kg (protein-...

2015
Gemma Hammerton Liam Mahedy Becky Mars Gordon T. Harold Anita Thapar Stanley Zammit Stephan Collishaw Klaus Ebmeier

Depression is common, especially in women of child-bearing age; prevalence estimates for this group range from 8% to 12%, and there is robust evidence that maternal depression is associated with mental health problems in offspring. Suicidal behaviour is a growing concern amongst young people and those exposed to maternal depression are likely to be especially at high risk. The aim of this study...

Journal: :iranian journal of veterinary research 2010
z. khaksar g. a. jelodar h. hematian

this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of maternal diabetes on fetal spinal structure, especiallyin brachial enlargement. sixteen adult female rats were divided into two groups. diabetes was induced in one group by alloxan agent. both groups became pregnant by natural matting. on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 after birth, the brachial enlargement of the spinal cord was collected from offsprin...

Journal: :Diabetes 2009
Rachel M. Freathy Amanda J. Bennett Susan M. Ring Beverley Shields Christopher J. Groves Nicholas J. Timpson Michael N. Weedon Eleftheria Zeggini Cecilia M. Lindgren Hana Lango John R.B. Perry Anneli Pouta Aimo Ruokonen Elina Hyppönen Chris Power Paul Elliott David P. Strachan Marjo-Riitta Järvelin George Davey Smith Mark I. McCarthy Timothy M. Frayling Andrew T. Hattersley

OBJECTIVE Low birth weight is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. The mechanisms underlying this association are unknown and may represent intrauterine programming or two phenotypes of one genotype. The fetal insulin hypothesis proposes that common genetic variants that reduce insulin secretion or action may predispose to type 2 diabetes and also reduce birth weight, since ins...

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