Our view of how computer modeling and simulation impact the world of science and engineering has evolved in recent years to one in which the principal factors affecting predictability of a simulation and their interaction with one another are more clearly distinguishable than ever before. Among these factors are (1) the selection of a mathematical model that provides an abstraction of the physi...

Abstract Magnetic field extrapolation is a fundamental tool to reconstruct the three-dimensional magnetic above solar photosphere. However, prevalently used force-free model might not be applicable in lower atmosphere with non-negligible plasma β , where crucial process of flux rope formation and evolution could happen. In this work, we perform active region 12158, based on recently developed m...