The author wishes to thank Bryan Orme for conducting many of the calculations in this paper.

BACKGROUND Participation and performance trends regarding the nationality of ultraendurance athletes have been investigated in the triathlon, but not in running. The present study aimed to identify the countries in which multistage ultramarathons were held around the world and the nationalities of successful finishers. METHODS Finisher rates and performance trends of finishers in multistage u...

In Shapiro [2006], estimates of the sample sizes required to solve a multistage stochastic programming problem with a given accuracy by the conditional sample average approximation method were derived. In this paper we construct an example in the multistage setting that shows that these estimates cannot be significantly improved.

An optical multistage interconnection network for optimal all-to-all personalized exchange, They propose an optical multistage interconnection network to realize an all-to-all personalized exchange that only requires one pass to send a message from each node to a different node (to realize a permutation). Hence, the new optical multistage interconnection network only requires n-1 passes for an ...